tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70680423107673171582024-03-28T18:40:12.015+00:00Telecoms Infrastructure BlogA blog looking at Small Cells and 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G & Wi-Fi InfrastructureZahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.comBlogger399125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-40386375553475052452024-03-28T07:35:00.047+00:002024-03-28T08:58:15.124+00:00Helsinki Metro’s Cellular Network Pilot<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_ZxIl8E85Da-YczV07JWiv6Rqnji0Dw8R5krDNG4POQAfVz3QtELXdbWCr9b2TjAW-uX2WxfoKNq2ivZR-G5g96l6ay039ecUcTK_DXzxTBtESTQuM8XeJx-J1C9IcqqmOXDH7ex41pfxxXn426fdAFBqrG6ZX8X00kwmP7casHNSoRJrpcGvqMj1sv0/s1920/METKA-Cellular-Pilot-Final-Results-Recommendations-White-Paper-images-9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_ZxIl8E85Da-YczV07JWiv6Rqnji0Dw8R5krDNG4POQAfVz3QtELXdbWCr9b2TjAW-uX2WxfoKNq2ivZR-G5g96l6ay039ecUcTK_DXzxTBtESTQuM8XeJx-J1C9IcqqmOXDH7ex41pfxxXn426fdAFBqrG6ZX8X00kwmP7casHNSoRJrpcGvqMj1sv0/w640-h360/METKA-Cellular-Pilot-Final-Results-Recommendations-White-Paper-images-9.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>Helsiki's radio network currently in use in the metro <a href="https://kaupunkiliikenne.fi/uutisartikkelit/metron-uuden-radioverkon-hankinta-etenee-neuvotteluvaiheeseen/" target="_blank">is being renewed</a> in order to support the future train traffic control system. A <a href="https://kaupunkiliikenne.fi/en/urban-rail-projects-and-maintenance/improving-metro-capacity-and-reliability/" target="_blank">cellular network pilot</a> was carried out in 2022/23 with results published in April last year. Based on that it was decided that the new radio network will be implemented with mobile network technology, as it was seen as best suited to the needs of the new train traffic control system and the metro.</p><p>Quoting from the <a href="https://kaupunkiliikenne.fi/en/urban-rail-projects-and-maintenance/improving-metro-capacity-and-reliability/" target="_blank">article</a>:</p><p><span style="color: #073763;">The metro is still using many original (dating back over 40 years) systems that are nearing the end of their life-cycle. The current traffic control system, in particular, needs to be updated to ensure the reliable and safe operation of the metro in the future as well. Parts of the system that are now being updated include the train control system and track circuits.</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">The updating of the train control system will make it possible to increase the number of passengers of the metro by enabling shorter headways between trains than are currently possible. Shortening the headway between trains and other capacity-increasing measures are important, as transport forecasts indicate that the metro’s number of passengers will continue to increase. The current capacity of the metro is simply not enough to meet the increasing demand.</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">Metro systems have long service lives and their updates have far-reaching impacts. The updates to be implemented now will make it possible to operate the metro safely for another 40 years.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP2rtBX4awtDT7eZx4leCif26eSirXcTah_la5dnM9svsxO-2tpIQKJuun3oDM2ly4UIutIjvZHyqxNz-s1XJSkEtp_tH1O7FDLpqAW2cDIlFuLBf-NTCYkzdlUn8sxIAjUrpm2bzGxmbpbDC-mtzuPOh1SzVL1gN1y2IDc1Ax-X4W2iqESa9RhPWS9rE/s2480/METKA-Cellular-Pilot-Final-Results-Recommendations-White-Paper-images-7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2480" data-original-width="2162" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP2rtBX4awtDT7eZx4leCif26eSirXcTah_la5dnM9svsxO-2tpIQKJuun3oDM2ly4UIutIjvZHyqxNz-s1XJSkEtp_tH1O7FDLpqAW2cDIlFuLBf-NTCYkzdlUn8sxIAjUrpm2bzGxmbpbDC-mtzuPOh1SzVL1gN1y2IDc1Ax-X4W2iqESa9RhPWS9rE/w558-h640/METKA-Cellular-Pilot-Final-Results-Recommendations-White-Paper-images-7.jpg" width="558" /></a></div><br /><div>The results and observations from the 'Cellular Network Pilot' is available <a href="https://kaupunkiliikenne.fi/content/uploads/2023/04/METKA-Cellular-Pilot-Final-Results-Recommendations-White-Paper.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>. Quoting from that:</div><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">This innovative pilot demonstrated that a cellular based communication subsystem is suitable for train control as well as other metro systems applications. The pilot outcomes provided insights into the deployment of such systems and also confirmed the expectation that in order to meet the strict radio communication availability requirements necessary to support safety critical applications, at least two radio network layers should be present. These layers can be presented via implementation combinations of private and public networks including 5G SA slicing, depending on the current and future user requirements.</span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">Ability to support signalling: The pilot test results showed that both the private network (4G or 5G) and the public network are suitable to support ATC performance requirements. In high public network load scenarios, it is advised that QoS is implemented to ensure the reliability of any safety critical streams.</span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">Ability to support current systems: The pilot tests showed that the public network is suitable to support metro’s onboard existing systems. It was observed that when the public network was capacity stressed, with all applications present, the Wi-Fi stream could not reach its maximum intended capacity of 250Mbps. This was due to bandwidth limitations experienced during the Pilot tests and is re-lated to end-to-end connectivity restrictions and by the number of hops between end devices and the Mobile Network Operator’s core. Troubleshooting during the tests revealed that a considerable increase in capacity could be realistically achieved by addressing these limitations. </span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">Ability to support future systems: The pilot tests showed that the private network could not reliably service the critical CCTV stream due to the bandwidth limit of that network and the fact that the CCTV stream was duplicated over the two private routers. At the same time the VoIP stream could be reliably serviced indicating that if there was more capacity the issue with CCTV could be resolved. </span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">Private network deployment observations: In normal operation mode, the band used (2300 MHz) and the density of the radio units was demonstrated to fulfil the requirements for ATC and critical voice communication. For the private network, there was degradation of latency in the coverage area of three out of the four radio positions when these were offline. Most of the service degradation was affecting the Uplink and it was observed in areas were changes in radiating cable topology (changing positions/heights etc.) were occurring. Due to the private nature of the network, lack of external interference caused the system to perform better than expected in low signal situations. The two rooftop macro sites were able to provide good coverage and good handovers to the open track area when the radiating cable radio units in the same area were off. In the 5G SA mode all failures noted for the individual routers occur in areas where the radiating cable is on the opposite side of the respective router’s antennas.</span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">Public network deployment observations: Signal quality and signal levels were good to excellent throughout the tunnel during all degraded mode scenarios. At the same time there were a few occurrences of longer than average delays in a certain handover area within the tunnel. This could be attributed to the geometry of the track, the size of the tunnel and the relevant positions of the directional anten-nas providing the coverage in this area which are lower than antennas on the roof of the train. These observations reveal that the radio design within the tunnel could be rationalised (less density but better located cells). Other results showed that the radio design needs to also consider that sufficient coverage is provided to allow handovers between tunnel and macro layers. An overarching observation was that for maximum redundancy the radio design should avoid designing private network cell edge areas at the same location as public network cell edge areas. By overlapping the network design, the reliability of the dual layer network can be maximised. A final observation is that routers/mobile gateways working in high availability mode and/or application devices that can manage packet duplication via multiple routers are recommended in order to increase data communication reliability.</span></p><p>You can read the whitepaper <a href="https://kaupunkiliikenne.fi/content/uploads/2023/04/METKA-Cellular-Pilot-Final-Results-Recommendations-White-Paper.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p>WSP UK Transport & Infrastructure worked with Metropolitan Area Transport Ltd and its suppliers, providing technical leadership and assurance in the deployment of a pioneering 4G and 5G pilot in a brownfield metro environment. Digital connectivity and rail systems experts at WSP developed testing procedures and carried out an assessment of the most suitable technology and network layer combination using a range of key decision indicators. </p><p>You can read more about their contribution <a href="https://www.wsp.com/en-gb/projects/helsinki-metro-5g" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/07/bringing-connectivity-to-underground.html">Bringing Connectivity to Underground Rail Network</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2023/01/seoul-metro-wi-fi-backhauled-by.html">Seoul Metro Wi-Fi Backhauled by Samsung's 5G mmWave Network Solution</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/05/london-underground-mobile-network.html">London Underground Mobile Network Infrastructure</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2021/06/deutsche-bahn-to-get-seamless-mobile.html">Deutsche Bahn to get Seamless Mobile Network Along all Tracks</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2021/06/china-unicom-brings-5g-connectivity-to.html">China Unicom Brings 5G Connectivity to Nanjing Metro</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2020/07/paris-metro-is-now-100-covered-with-lte.html">Paris Metro is now 100% covered with LTE</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-65751138602875581992024-02-13T07:35:00.001+00:002024-02-14T07:50:11.953+00:00Deutsche Telekom's Mini-Mast a.k.a. “Cell Tower To Go”<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Y8a4vf8aC_aiqvQqXTIxLTEDLriDdw9RF0fkRxkm5oQiBCtyYYLGuhvJmgnjvdKNmW1Tv3tEqF6h-RDA8SVj8yZxZ9YNks0S1eZvn9wexg6K1QGmEt3RMM5qkzEmDca_9OJEAA4CkXgGVi2QDko5j25Nkz31yAox3cxNJ3HFhWYMY1c3o8IpZttWWA8/s1920/DT_MiniMast_CellTowerToGo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Y8a4vf8aC_aiqvQqXTIxLTEDLriDdw9RF0fkRxkm5oQiBCtyYYLGuhvJmgnjvdKNmW1Tv3tEqF6h-RDA8SVj8yZxZ9YNks0S1eZvn9wexg6K1QGmEt3RMM5qkzEmDca_9OJEAA4CkXgGVi2QDko5j25Nkz31yAox3cxNJ3HFhWYMY1c3o8IpZttWWA8/w640-h360/DT_MiniMast_CellTowerToGo.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>Last year Deutsche Telekom developed a mini-mast (or as they call it, ultra-mobile mast) <a href="https://www.telekom.com/en/media/media-information/archive/cell-tower-to-go-at-digital-x-1048966" target="_blank">prototype</a> called "cell-tower-to-go". Think of this as Cell On Wheel (COW) with no wheels. In a recent <a href="https://www.telekom.com/en/media/media-information/archive/test-of-cell-tower-to-go-by-enterprises-has-started-1058288" target="_blank">press release </a>they indicated that it has already become a customer favourite within a short space of time. </p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">Around a dozen companies are testing the flexible solution so far. "With our call to test our ultra-mobile cell tower, we have raised great interest among companies from a wide range of industries. This high demand shows: The need for a flexible mobile communications solution is there - also among business customers. This has strengthened our decision to offer this innovation 'made by Telekom' commercially in the future," says Klaus Werner, Managing Director Business Customers at Telekom Deutschland.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">One of the first testers is the leading Swiss construction and real estate service provider Implenia. The company will provide its bridge construction site in Bad Lobenstein (Thuringia, Germany) with 5G and 4G/LTE during the two-year construction phase. The construction site in the valley could not be reached by the conventional mobile phone masts in the surrounding area. However, due to the high degree of digitalization of the construction site, a fast and reliable mobile network connection is essential. </span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">Telekom's cell-tower-to-go provides high-performance coverage at the construction site. Smartphones and computers then use fast mobile connections via frequencies in the 2.6 and 3.6 gigahertz range. For Implenia, this basic mobile communications coverage is also an ideal basis for IoT applications. The company uses them to optimize processes and material flows on the construction site. The easy-to-connect mast is linked to the network on the bridge construction site via fiber optics. However, the connection via satellite will also be tested in a next step. This will provide additional flexibility and an even faster connection to the network. </span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">The micro-container is also making a big impact at the delivery service flaschenpost SE. The food and beverage delivery service from Münster, Germany, uses the additional 5G supply within a logistics hall. This speeds up its operational processes.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">The special feature of the ultra-mobile mast is that it is significantly smaller, lighter and more flexible than previous solutions. The entire radio technology fits into a compact micro-container (length: 1.6 meters, width: 2 meters, height: 2.6 meters). This makes the mobile mast space-saving and easy to transport. It can be set up by one person in less than an hour - and is immediately ready for use. The micro container can be connected to a local power supply or operated using any other mobile power source. It can be connected to the data network via fiber optics or radio relay. </span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">These advantages make the mobile “dwarf” not only the first choice for fast or temporary coverage for business customers. The use of mobile masts also provides rapid assistance in disaster areas thanks to their enormous flexibility.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">Deutsche Telekom will launch a commercial offer for the use of ultra-mobile transmission masts in spring 2024.</span></p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2023/09/deutsche-telekom-demonstrates-12-gbps.html">Deutsche Telekom Demonstrates 12 Gbps on 5G Using 6 GHz Band</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2023/05/deutsche-telekom-5g-small-cells-in.html">Deutsche Telekom 5G Small Cells in Phone Boxes</a></li><li>Private Networks Technology Blog: <a href="https://blog.privatenetworks.technology/2023/06/deutsche-telekom-deploys-5g-campus.html">Deutsche Telekom Deploys 5G Campus Network in Port of Duisburg</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/06/omniflow-smart-street-lighting-for-5g.html">Omniflow Smart Street Lighting for 5G and IoT</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/11/deutsche-telekom-launches-indoor.html">Deutsche Telekom Launches Indoor Booster 5G Repeater</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/07/fc-bayern-and-deutsche-telekom-bring-5g.html">FC Bayern and Deutsche Telekom bring 5G to the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2021/08/deutsche-telekoms-tech-grounds-2021.html">Deutsche Telekom's 'Tech Grounds' 2021</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2021/06/deutsche-bahn-to-get-seamless-mobile.html">Deutsche Bahn to get Seamless Mobile Network Along all Tracks</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2022/08/4g5g-campus-networks-and-their.html">4G/5G Campus Networks and their Challenges</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-8533304568361198882024-02-02T07:35:00.001+00:002024-02-11T07:42:33.517+00:00NTT Docomo's Cell On Wheels (COW)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiPKIO7brJ6C1R3vpMRS50bQeXYyOYfXlb92P5zKGCBYFfhITsqzhzQ100dDyNeHhzhp2O9JfQrueCX0oiXMuGbkNQK2wj7DiL_DsalAgPuNUNI55puuAJL6fvSGQWWWJEmVksl1JJ94jsdoVtCeAoMHuMRb5e7zf2_BM4C6-5vV5-FmF_kPHSqJSp5L8/s1920/DOCOMO_CoW_2023.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiPKIO7brJ6C1R3vpMRS50bQeXYyOYfXlb92P5zKGCBYFfhITsqzhzQ100dDyNeHhzhp2O9JfQrueCX0oiXMuGbkNQK2wj7DiL_DsalAgPuNUNI55puuAJL6fvSGQWWWJEmVksl1JJ94jsdoVtCeAoMHuMRb5e7zf2_BM4C6-5vV5-FmF_kPHSqJSp5L8/w640-h360/DOCOMO_CoW_2023.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagisawa_Dam" target="_blank">Yagisawa Dam</a> (矢木沢ダム) is a dam in the Gunma Prefecture of Japan; it supports a 240 MW hydroelectric power station. </p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="ja">はじまったよ!<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%BF3%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E6%98%A5%E3%81%AE%E7%82%B9%E6%A4%9C%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BE%E6%B5%812023?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#みなかみ3ダム春の点検大放流2023</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%A8%E6%B2%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#八木沢ダム</a> <a href="https://t.co/b4KBtaMUxB">pic.twitter.com/b4KBtaMUxB</a></p>— yuki-to (@okada_shokai) <a href="https://twitter.com/okada_shokai/status/1660099723234258944?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 21, 2023</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>Between May and June, <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A2%E6%9C%A8%E6%B2%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0" target="_blank">test release of water</a> is done to check that the emergency spillway gate is working fine. On these occasions, many tourists visit to experience this. There may be mobile coverage there but there isn't capacity to support large number of people. </p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="ja">天端に到着<br />今年もドコモさんの移動基地局車が来て活躍しています<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%A8%E6%B2%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#八木沢ダム</a> <a href="https://t.co/LDzmEJ36dp">pic.twitter.com/LDzmEJ36dp</a></p>— ひで (@hidemasu_) <a href="https://twitter.com/hidemasu_/status/1660082530127863808?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 21, 2023</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>To alleviate the network congestion, many Japanese networks send their Cell On Wheels' (COWs) to handle the traffic. NTT Docomo's COW is as shown above.</p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="in">NTT Docomo 5G COW <a href="https://t.co/qEQY7FpzU7">https://t.co/qEQY7FpzU7</a></p>— 3G4G (@3g4gUK) <a href="https://twitter.com/3g4gUK/status/1505488440112160770?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 20, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>Another COW with mmWave radios is shown above. </p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2023/01/ntt-docomos-disaster-countermeasures-to.html">NTT Docomo's Disaster Countermeasures to Keep People Connected</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/11/ntt-docomo-expands-open-vran-options-in.html">NTT Docomo Expands Open vRAN Options in its 5G OREC</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/01/ntt-docomos-5g-network-is-based-on-open.html">NTT Docomo's 5G Network is based on 'Open RAN' Principles</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/11/ntt-docomos-5g-ran-infrastructure.html">NTT Docomo's 5G RAN Infrastructure</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/03/docomo-5g-open-innovation-cloud.html">Docomo 5G Open Innovation Cloud</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/04/ntt-docomo-underground-lte-small-cells.html">NTT Docomo's Underground LTE Small Cells with possibility to deploy 5G in future</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2023/09/human-augmentation-through-6g-network.html">Human Augmentation Through 6G Network</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2023/07/nokias-and-docomos-joint-keynote-at.html">Nokia's and Docomo's Joint Keynote at EuCNC & 6G Summit 2023 on '6G getting into next gear'</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2023/02/ntt-docomo-and-sk-telecom-lay-out.html">NTT Docomo and SK Telecom lay out Common Requirements for 6G</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-23504804542171018952024-01-19T07:35:00.003+00:002024-01-19T09:52:14.791+00:005G and Wi-Fi Connectivity from Link5G and LinkNYC's Tall Towers<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWD0Q8zBKOLkQBlz8YGoqO7aOOMizHh3ONzj8uaj2StXqUpsriJkSGaoVUoETakD87HE6DSx6eYINYUw4SchlNj0aK4hxX064LXlqCB_meJomr3YdP-ogKyiexQ0gXW05wQ0WkhUXHUNVQ1g8Z2z_iSTIcNHXRfslWrYDKrbhaV4NNUkmMXTR7JQ5I-jk/s1920/Link5G_TallTowers.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWD0Q8zBKOLkQBlz8YGoqO7aOOMizHh3ONzj8uaj2StXqUpsriJkSGaoVUoETakD87HE6DSx6eYINYUw4SchlNj0aK4hxX064LXlqCB_meJomr3YdP-ogKyiexQ0gXW05wQ0WkhUXHUNVQ1g8Z2z_iSTIcNHXRfslWrYDKrbhaV4NNUkmMXTR7JQ5I-jk/w640-h360/Link5G_TallTowers.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>Link5G is LinkNYC’s second generation offering that aims to improve the digital connectivity in New York City. The official website <a href="https://link.nyc/link5g.html" target="_blank">says</a>:</p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">Conceived in 2021 (the Year of 5G), Link5G enables the equitable deployment of both 5G cellular coverage and Wi-Fi connectivity across the five boroughs. Using multi-tenant structures, transmitters for telecommunication service providers will be housed within Link5G kiosks, expanding 5G options and enhancing coverage in underserved areas.</span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">Link5G kiosks will bring better cellular service, increased opportunities to connect to free Wi-Fi, and improved options for in-home broadband internet access.</span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">90% of the new Link5G kiosks, which are enabled for 5G and feature the same free services as the original Link kiosks, will be deployed in The Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, Staten Island and above 96th Street in Manhattan. Additionally, 13 Community Districts have been specifically chosen by New York City to receive a minimum number of kiosks. Link5G will enhance neighborhoods’ cellular connections and provide businesses and pedestrians with improved high-speed Wi-Fi coverage. Link5G’s 32 foot height ensures that a 5G signal is effectively broadcast from optimal height for all carriers to reach New Yorkers' mobile devices.</span></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">Up to three times taller than the original LinkNYC kiosks, hundreds of new Link5G towers are set to crop up in neighborhoods with uneven internet access. But is super-fast cell service really the answer to the city's pressing digital inequities? <a href="https://t.co/b6x5sSlukK">https://t.co/b6x5sSlukK</a> <a href="https://t.co/haLJNYAnSc">pic.twitter.com/haLJNYAnSc</a></p>— Urban Omnibus (@UrbanOmnibus) <a href="https://twitter.com/UrbanOmnibus/status/1526970813412524034?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 18, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>Urban Omnibus has a good explainer of the issue and the infrastructure <a href="https://urbanomnibus.net/2022/04/tall-order/" target="_blank">here</a>. Quoting from the article:</p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">CityBridge largely failed to accomplish its goal of helping to bridge the digital divide in the six years after kiosk installation began. The company put the majority of its more than 1,800 LinkNYC units in Manhattan but relatively few in the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island, where neighborhoods lack at-home and mobile broadband at a higher rate. As THE CITY, the state comptroller and other news outlets have documented, the company fell short of ad revenue projections and was unable to pay $60 million it owed the city. The revenue shortfall resulted in an abrupt halt to kiosk installation, leaving many areas outside Manhattan without the access they were promised. The company faced bankruptcy in 2019. The city contemplated terminating the deal in 2020.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">But despite the LinkNYC program’s history of delinquency, city officials are giving CityBridge another chance to bolster digital equity citywide: The company is now preparing to install hundreds of 32-foot-tall Link5G towers, beginning this summer. The city’s Public Design Commission approved the Link5G design for commercial and manufacturing areas at a meeting in December. Members postponed a vote on a residential rollout in order to review data on the service and infrastructural impacts of the towers’ first wave.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">The new structures will be more than three times as tall as the original LinkNYC design. Like their predecessors, the lower part of the new structures will have a 911 button, USB ports, a tablet, calling capabilities and advertising displays. The structures will also provide free Wi-Fi. But the new designs will be topped by fifth-generation cellular network technology, or 5G, which will radiate from their upper chambers to enabled devices at street level. Multiple telecom companies could pay CityBridge to house their 5G equipment inside the chambers of a single structure. Their payments would bring in a new revenue stream to CityBridge, funding the company’s operations and expanded footprint.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">The structures’ signals will supplement existing 5G networks that currently provide consumers speedy wireless internet service. City officials and CityBridge insist that more cell sites are necessary given the technical specifications of 5G, which require a “line of sight” to work: 5G is carried on millimeter waves that, unlike 4G frequencies, cannot penetrate most surfaces, whether a building or a bus.</span></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">I saw one of the new Link5G towers today and 32 feet (3 stories) is extremely tall! <a href="https://t.co/42wkz10CkV">pic.twitter.com/42wkz10CkV</a></p>— Laura Casey (@LauraAnneCasey) <a href="https://twitter.com/LauraAnneCasey/status/1574780207625551873?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 27, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>Not everyone agrees that these look good or they will help in the future but there is a lot of support behind their installation. <a href="https://www.nydailynews.com/2023/08/29/dont-block-link5gs-connectivity-better-faster-free-internet-will-help-everyone-in-nyc/" target="_blank">This article</a> in NY Daily News for example argues:</p><p><span style="color: #783f04;">Reliable wireless service requires the deployment of new infrastructure that supplements existing technology, such as rooftop antennas and underground fiber cable — or Link5G kiosks, which have space for up to five wireless carriers’ equipment. That means they can provide better, faster, and cheaper service for more people and small businesses nearby.</span></p><p><span style="color: #783f04;">Bronx residents are not the only New Yorkers who could benefit from Link5G. Across New York City, approximately two-in-five households lack either a home broadband connection or mobile broadband through cell service. More than 1.3 million New Yorkers lack both. For these people, the social, educational, economic, and public safety consequences can be catastrophic. Here in the Bronx, nearly one in five teens cannot finish their homework because they live on the wrong side of the digital divide.</span></p><p><span style="color: #783f04;">Link5G will eventually roll out to 2,000 locations, with 90% installed in the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, and Staten Island and above 96th St. in Manhattan. The need for these kiosks in underserved areas is illustrated by the fact that Link5G’s predecessor, LinkNYC, has provided more than 13 million New Yorkers with free, high-speed wireless internet since 2016 and is used to make around 425,000 phone calls monthly. It also offers access to 911 emergency services and valuable community-oriented public service announcements.</span></p><p><span style="color: #783f04;">Even in districts with historic or commercial corridors, where locals have questioned the need for these kiosks, it’s unwise to assume every person who lives in the neighborhood, commutes there for work or is visiting has the same access to connectivity. My constituents often commute to other boroughs for work; their ability to stay connected is a necessity — not a luxury.</span></p><p><span style="color: #783f04;">Still, many critics see the kiosks — which stand only as tall as traditional light posts — and attack their location, size, or ad screens without acknowledging the benefits of the kiosks to the city at large.</span></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">Failing Up: First Link5G ‘Smart Pole’ Stands Quietly in Queens from <a href="https://twitter.com/THECITYNY?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@THECITYNY</a> <br /><br />CityBridge is poised to install ultrafast internet-transmitting structures...earlier LinkNYC program was a debacle, ending in debt and unfulfilled promises.<a href="https://t.co/kykEjavwnW">https://t.co/kykEjavwnW</a></p>— CM Jen Gutiérrez (@CMJenGutierrez) <a href="https://twitter.com/CMJenGutierrez/status/1666461408043696131?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 7, 2023</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>Let us know what you think.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/09/construction-of-self-supporting-tower.html">Construction of a Self-Supporting Tower (SST)</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/08/verizons-growing-small-cells-footprint.html">Verizon's Growing Small Cells Footprint</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/01/crown-castle-bringing-more-small-cells.html">Crown Castle bringing more Small Cells to the USA</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/10/at-small-cells-and-macrocells.html">AT&T Small Cells and Macrocells</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/02/verizons-small-cells-start-paying.html">Verizon's Small Cells Start Paying Dividends</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2019/09/5g-small-cells-on-poles-in-denver.html">5G Small Cells on 'Smart Poles' in Denver</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/08/sprint-outdoor-small-cells-in-pictures.html">Sprint's Outdoor Small Cells - In Pictures</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/03/some-pictures-of-small-cells-from.html">Some pictures of Small Cells from California (USA)</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-51611334964949943842023-12-28T07:35:00.029+00:002023-12-30T09:26:29.140+00:00Top 5 Posts For 2023<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWHQ-EIXaJcwHewxXDUG_Crn_sA_1WPrX6zpN3kPJypYogQnQ470eqbynu9MjMUQ5rkOSy4udPgYJXnHcQ0jkC2z6AOvMSwM7q7FkdOOXQlACPPEzOrGPf-SN21rLJ9CoNDQIm6k2aHcvhRJXJ_B-wASB3nMRqFB_VBkPQmskqC7FxcoZpVT6uhvmHL2g/s1920/TelecomsInfrastructure_Top5posts2023.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWHQ-EIXaJcwHewxXDUG_Crn_sA_1WPrX6zpN3kPJypYogQnQ470eqbynu9MjMUQ5rkOSy4udPgYJXnHcQ0jkC2z6AOvMSwM7q7FkdOOXQlACPPEzOrGPf-SN21rLJ9CoNDQIm6k2aHcvhRJXJ_B-wASB3nMRqFB_VBkPQmskqC7FxcoZpVT6uhvmHL2g/w640-h360/TelecomsInfrastructure_Top5posts2023.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>With 2023 coming to an end, as per the tradition, here are the top 5 most viewed posts from 2023. These posts were not necessarily posted this year, so I have added the month and year each of them were posted.</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/05/passive-and-active-infrastructure.html" target="_blank">Passive and Active Infrastructure Sharing</a>, May 2020</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/02/open-ran-o-ran-rru-o-ru-and-du-o-du.html" target="_blank">Open RAN (O-RAN) RRU (O-RU) and DU (O-DU) Design</a>, Feb. 2021</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/07/nokias-airscale-indoor-radio-asir-small.html" target="_blank">Nokia's AirScale indoor Radio (ASiR) Small Cells</a>, July 2020</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2014/07/huawei-lampsite.html" target="_blank">Huawei's Lampsite</a>, July 2014</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/09/ericsson-radio-dot-evolution-and.html" target="_blank">Ericsson Radio Dot: Evolution and Technical information</a>, Sep. 2017</li></ul><p></p><p>Finally, a bonus post that just missed out and is also from this year:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2023/03/kddis-underground-5g-base-stations.html" target="_blank">KDDI's Underground 5G Base Stations</a>, Mar. 2023</li></ul><p></p><p>If you have a favourite post from this blog, let us know in the comments below.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2023/12/top-10-blog-posts-and-top-5-videos-for.html">Top 10 Blog Posts and Top 5 Videos for 2023</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2023/12/top-10-posts-for-2023.html">Top 10 Posts for 2023</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2023/12/top-5-posts-for-2023.html">Top 5 Posts for 2023</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2023/12/top-5-posts-for-2023.html">Top 5 Posts for 2023</a></li><li>Private Networks Technology Blog: <a href="https://blog.privatenetworks.technology/2023/12/top-5-posts-for-2023.html">Top 5 Posts for 2023</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/12/top-blog-posts-of-2022.html">Top Blog Posts of 2022</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/12/top-5-posts-for-2021.html">Top 5 Posts for 2021</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/12/top-5-posts-for-2020.html">Top 5 Posts for 2020</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-40376778034819743252023-12-16T19:35:00.001+00:002023-12-16T20:39:37.550+00:00Testing Vodafone UK's Open RAN Deployment Performance<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZA3YOZSXHP-JfApxvcbdE5Fwiq2OPj50oRJQc231_dlxrU7rQANQsGZVcDAuSuBHXBHTfLq-sNm9TAyhQYk6VF6_wDuOcsOOlX2Kqdoq-KkGVxuTevITls1cS0shpnLpmtwhTWXJOzpu-C-BYsngy5XCb8gdYwEv7oImMnjpZWVowYYE9GA9Bk10tXJk/s1920/VodafoneUK_Samsung_OpenRAN_PeterClarke.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZA3YOZSXHP-JfApxvcbdE5Fwiq2OPj50oRJQc231_dlxrU7rQANQsGZVcDAuSuBHXBHTfLq-sNm9TAyhQYk6VF6_wDuOcsOOlX2Kqdoq-KkGVxuTevITls1cS0shpnLpmtwhTWXJOzpu-C-BYsngy5XCb8gdYwEv7oImMnjpZWVowYYE9GA9Bk10tXJk/w640-h360/VodafoneUK_Samsung_OpenRAN_PeterClarke.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>It's been a while since Vodafone <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2021/06/vodafone-uk-selects-commercial-open-ran.html" target="_blank">selected</a> their UK Open RAN partners. The good news is that according to the press release from <a href="https://news.samsung.com/global/vodafone-and-samsung-begin-mass-open-ran-rollout-across-the-united-kingdom" target="_blank">Samsung</a> as well as <a href="https://www.vodafone.co.uk/newscentre/press-release/volume-deployment-of-openran-for-2500-sites-begins/" target="_blank">Vodafone UK</a> the rollout has already started. According to the press release, the following partners are involved:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #990000;">Samsung: 4G and 5G radio, including 64T64R Massive MIMO, as well as the software platform.</span></li><li><span style="color: #990000;">Intel: General Purpose Processor (GPP), acceleration hardware and network interface cards.</span></li><li><span style="color: #990000;">Keysight: Drive test services using Keysight Nemo Solutions to assure the OpenRAN end-to-end live network performance. Pre-deployment OpenRAN functional and interoperability testing using Keysight Open RAN Architect (KORA) solutions.</span></li><li><span style="color: #990000;">Dell Technologies: Dell PowerEdge servers designed for cloud-based OpenRAN workloads.</span></li><li><span style="color: #990000;">Capgemini: Testing partner in Vodafone labs.</span></li><li><span style="color: #990000;">Wind River: Cloud network platforms (also known as abstraction layer software).</span></li></ul><p></p><p>Dr. Peter Clarke, who is an actual medical doctor rather than a PhD, and also a mobile network infrastructure hobbyist, has been featured across our blogs on a regular basis. Recently he took a trip to the coastal town of Torquay, Devon, to see for himself how these Samsung Open RAN networks were performing. Quoting from his <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7137724789858738176/" target="_blank">LinkedIn post</a>: </p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">Vodafone UK's Samsung Networks based Open RAN 5G delivers capability and performance to the coastal town of Torquay, Devon, providing a compelling window into the future of radio access architecture. </span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">The Vodafone spectrum deployed is impressive, illustrating the capability of the Samsung Radios and serving the town well: 90MHz n78 with Massive MIMO on Samsung Active Antenna Units and quad 4G band through Commscope passives.</span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">Throughputs with EN-DC utilising 50MHz n78 carrier were consistently around 500mbps, which for an umbrella site serving a town was pleasing. Field testing video below, in comments, please watch for on the scene testing.</span></p><p>Here is a video from his testing:</p><p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BbkEGS797sQ?si=vervAzKsimKMdPtH" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe></p><p>I am looking forward to the official results that will hopefully be shared around MWC 2024.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2021/06/vodafone-uk-selects-commercial-open-ran.html">Vodafone UK Selects Commercial Open RAN Network Partners</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/06/vodafone-uks-5g-infrastructure.html">Vodafone UK's 5G Infrastructure</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/05/vodafone-explains-mobile-phone-mast.html">Vodafone Explains Mobile Phone Mast</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/06/vodafone-uk-switches-on-first-live-self.html">Vodafone UK Switches-on First Live 'Self-Powering' Mobile Phone Mast</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2019/04/vodafone-uk-improving-coverage-with.html">Vodafone UK improving coverage with Phone Boxes, Mini-masts & Manhole Covers</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/07/three-uks-5g-c-ran-infrastructure-in.html">Three UK's 5G C-RAN Infrastructure in Birmingham, UK</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/10/multi-sectorised-sites-and-small-cells.html">Multi-sectorised sites and Small Cells help O2 UK handle Capacity in Busy Areas</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/06/three-uks-gigabit-5g-poles-explained.html">Three UK's Gigabit 5G Poles Explained</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2021/01/eir-irelands-flagship-huawei-5g-and-4g.html">Eir Ireland's Flagship Huawei 5G (and 4G) Mast Configurations</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2020/01/2019-uk-mobile-network-developments_32.html">2019 UK Mobile Network Developments Roundup</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2019/02/theoretical-throughput-calculation-of.html">Theoretical Throughput Calculation of FDD 5G New Radio (NR)</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/06/temporary-masts-for-festivals-events-etc.html">Temporary masts for festivals, events, etc.</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-82107701611925053562023-11-22T07:35:00.034+00:002023-11-22T08:21:44.595+00:00Huawei's RuralLink Solution Proposes to 'Connect the Unconnected'<p>It's been five years since we first wrote about Huawei's rural network solution. <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/06/huawei-ruralstar-taking-fight-to-low.html" target="_blank">RuralStar</a> was all rage back in 2018 and then the updated <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2019/12/huawei-ruralstar-30-successor-of.html" target="_blank">RuralStar 3.0</a> in 2020. Since then, Huawei has been working on updated architecture of RuralLink.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihw1JpKjDAMZ7uPbFXXp_aHYIxiEA2SdR0I64JnPCnntZlJHA4FWaP5CsJJVQq35n4XWWroNFu3KPMoUyZaiVGiiS2dWQSwdnsQw3xvzSM-pDw8yasXR-wq-uwlJ4bcxWHVNd2Sdg-E_lf3uPg4NEXdLt6rur9sIi8tAThefzQY7MZnZe85LRj1fUfk7E/s1920/HuaweiRuralLink.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihw1JpKjDAMZ7uPbFXXp_aHYIxiEA2SdR0I64JnPCnntZlJHA4FWaP5CsJJVQq35n4XWWroNFu3KPMoUyZaiVGiiS2dWQSwdnsQw3xvzSM-pDw8yasXR-wq-uwlJ4bcxWHVNd2Sdg-E_lf3uPg4NEXdLt6rur9sIi8tAThefzQY7MZnZe85LRj1fUfk7E/w640-h360/HuaweiRuralLink.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>At MWC 2023, RuralLink <a href="https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2023/2/mwc2023-rurallink" target="_blank">won </a>GSMA's 'Best Mobile Innovation for Emerging Markets' GLOMO Award. The press release at the RuralLink launch at the Global Mobile Broadband Forum 2022 (MBBF2022) provided some insights into the solution. The following is from the <a href="https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2022/10/microwave-fronthaul-co-use%20bbu-green" target="_blank">press release</a>: </p><p><span style="color: #990000;">Huawei's RuralLink solution uses unique innovative technologies to solve the difficulties associated with communications. In the areas where fiber is difficult and costly to deploy, thanks to unique microwave fronthaul capabilities, RuralLink uses microwave to replace optical fibers to extend RRUs far away, which reduces network construction costs. By co-using BBU with existing macro site, RuralLink does not require a BBU to be deployed, which helps reduce site power consumption. By allowing a site to operate with just four to five solar panels, RuralLink is also easily adaptable to the areas that lack stable mains supplies. The solution features a simplified design that enables all devices to be mounted on to a pole, and its site deployment does not require fencing or concrete construction. As such, site construction is so easy in fact that it be completed in just three days. RuralLink supports 2G to 5G services, laying the foundation for network experience upgrade.</span></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">RuralLink has already been deployed by China Unicom Inner Mongolia in rural areas. This operator has seen significant improvement in the proportion of areas with good coverage and notable increase in area traffic and average user-perceived speeds. While fulfilling the communication needs of the local people, the RuralLink site deployment also lays a solid foundation for the development of local e-commerce, tourism, and smart agriculture.</span></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">Huawei's <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/RuralLink?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#RuralLink</a> are simplified sites powered by only a few <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/solarpanels?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#solarpanels</a> to bring connectivity for 60M people in remote areas of 70+ countries 😲 <a href="https://t.co/NBrIuYKufo">pic.twitter.com/NBrIuYKufo</a></p>— HuaweiUK (@HuaweiUK) <a href="https://twitter.com/HuaweiUK/status/1510892529268535301?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 4, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>A recent <a href="https://www.mobileworldlive.com/old_latest-stories/huawei-commercially-uses-rurallink-to-boost-rural-network-coverage-and-promote-digital-inclusion-in-brazil/" target="_blank">press release</a> highlighted that RuralLink is being used to boost rural network coverage and promote digital inclusion in Brazil.</p><p><span style="color: #783f04;">Huawei supported Brazil’s leading telecommunications operator, to successfully complete the commercial use of the RuralLink solution. This solution utilizes a “1 RRU + 1 antenna” to form three LTE sectors, simplifying site deployment with the aim of improving wireless network coverage in rural areas and providing broader internet access.</span></p><p><span style="color: #783f04;">RuralLink utilizes innovative three-sector shaping technology, requiring only one antenna and one RRU to form three sectors. Compared to traditional three-sector macro site solutions, this solution reduces 60% of devices on the tower, 50% of power consumption, and 50% of supporting devices, resulting in a 60% cost saving from end to end. Additionally, the simplified architecture enables faster TTM (time to market) and allows one person to complete site deployment and activation in one day, achieving good signal coverage within a range of 3.5 km.</span></p><p>The following video explains the RuralLink solution and deployment scenario:</p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lTtPOkhpLp4?si=4FgScTI8Y_dAyqkc" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p>I am looking forward to seeing an updated solution at MWC 2024.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2019/12/huawei-ruralstar-30-successor-of.html">Huawei RuralStar 3.0, successor of RuralStar 2.0 Lite, coming in 2020</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog - <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/06/huawei-ruralstar-taking-fight-to-low.html">Huawei's RuralStar: Taking the fight to low cost small cell vendors</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/03/huawei-explains-antennas-and-radomes.html">Huawei Explains Antennas and Radomes</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2020/12/huaweis-power-digitalization-2025-summit.html">Huawei's Power Digitalization 2025 Summit</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2023/07/huaweis-keynote-at-eucnc-6g-summit-2023.html">Huawei's Keynote at EuCNC & 6G Summit 2023 on 'On the Convergence Route for 6G'</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2022/12/6g-next-horizon-white-paper-by-huawei.html">6G - The Next Horizon, a White Paper by Huawei</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2022/01/huawei-explains-perspectives-and.html">Huawei explains Perspectives and Challenges of 6G-NTN</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2020/11/huawei-talks-about-beyond-5g-55g-and-6g.html">Huawei talks about Beyond 5G, 5.5G and 6G</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-38223662481080208262023-10-10T06:35:00.000+00:002023-10-10T06:40:27.557+00:00Data Centers At Meta: Heterogeneous Integration Driven By AI/ML And Network Applications<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyhVgLdWRbym-XKVRp-pNLV_4oTFo0IFYJmpH9CFxMkiAQcmg892uYs4VA-UF31pqrjHzQWl-bH5ogbL5D85p9-1wFEj1SKgZlyBmK-GybkC2XFoUWLiqWk4wkGTZm8lUvQc7VfShCDv06GLMyu08hv9GPTOgyJHc2kQh6tgZmMyKOO2Q__-14E_VuIrs/s1920/UCIe_Chiplet.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyhVgLdWRbym-XKVRp-pNLV_4oTFo0IFYJmpH9CFxMkiAQcmg892uYs4VA-UF31pqrjHzQWl-bH5ogbL5D85p9-1wFEj1SKgZlyBmK-GybkC2XFoUWLiqWk4wkGTZm8lUvQc7VfShCDv06GLMyu08hv9GPTOgyJHc2kQh6tgZmMyKOO2Q__-14E_VuIrs/w640-h360/UCIe_Chiplet.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>Last year, tech giants including Intel, Meta, Arm, Google Cloud, AMD, Qualcomm, TSMC and ASE formed the Chiplet consortium. A <a href="https://www.fierceelectronics.com/embedded/tech-giants-intel-meta-arm-google-cloud-amd-qualcomm-tsmc-and-ase-others-form-chiplet" target="_blank">news article</a> in Fierce Electronics said:</p><p><span style="color: #0c343d;">Several giant tech companies have joined hands to promote an open standard for chip components called chiplets and how they are crammed together in system-on-chip (SoC) designs deemed critical to a variety of future handheld and high-performance computers that power AI applications and much more.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0c343d;">The open standard, called Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express (UCIe), has been developed by Intel and clearly benefits Intel’s integrated device manufacturer (IDM) strategy as it builds new chip fabs in Arizona and Ohio and elsewhere outside the U.S. Intel has been a prominent voice in the push to expand chip manufacturing outside of Taiwan and the rest of Asia where it is heavily focused today.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0c343d;">Intel has donated its UCIe standard to founding members in a new consortium that includes Intel along with Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., AMD, Arm, Google Cloud, Meta, Microsoft, Samsung and Qualcomm. The founders have already ratified UCIe 1.0 which covers the die-to-die physical layer, die-to-die protocols and software stacks which leverage the existing PCI Express (PCIe) and Compute Express Link (CXL) industry standards.</span></p><p>Ravi Agarwal, a technical sourcing manager at the Facebook/Meta Infrastructure group is responsible for driving advanced packaging architectures and foundry for both networking and AI/ML compute applications to meet Facebook’s future workloads. He is driving Chiplet Business Workstream in Open Domain-Specific Architecture (ODSA) Sub-Project within the Open Compute Project (OCP), working with ecosystem partners to enable a Chiplet marketplace. </p><p>In a talk delivered for the IEEE Electronics Packaging Society (EPS) SFBA, he focused on heterogeneous integration for Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and network applications at Meta Infrastructure, and discussed implications for packaging and system-level considerations. In the talk he also shared some of the advanced packaging (chiplet) initiatives in which Meta is participating to develop an open ecosystem.</p><p>The talk is embedded below:</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="356" scrolling="no" src="//ieeetv.ieee.org/player/embed_play/226331/auto" width="640"></iframe></p><p>While the slides of this talk is not available, you can see slides of another talk he delivered <a href="https://146a55aca6f00848c565-a7635525d40ac1c70300198708936b4e.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/images/44bb941b9ebe0b46cea136ea2f37648c5098b972.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/10/the-role-of-border-gateway-protocol-bgp.html">The Role of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) in Making Sure Internet Works</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/08/facebooks-fiber-deploying-robot.html">Facebook's Fiber Deploying Robot</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2023/08/story-of-edge-by-akamai.html">'Story of the Edge' by Akamai</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-54712550865551998462023-09-21T06:35:00.024+00:002023-09-21T07:31:32.865+00:00Vodafone's 5G+ Street Lights in Cologne, Germany<p>Last year Vodafone Germany announced that they have collaborated with the City of Cologne, RheinEnergie AG and 5g Synergiewerk to bring into operation the first 5G+ street lights in Germany. The first 5G+ street lights in Europe are located in the heart of Cologne city centre in the immediate vicinity of the lively squares at Heumarkt and Domplatte. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMJytO-vknsmy4X01r2SLWPA2kbLeUeLhm47vpHQalgSEl1vwx2SF4Ho68kab2IYXEhiqUWx5GQj3gExxhfqjPI13FcG6pWJ8eMy9qq0Ew_QLYTQn2fXNL2BYyLEgSJdBpGGfinJj4t3fNazor-95apFGVePRiFjxegm1PiMvlssfL_Y0JvwiS6otXKyM/s1920/VodafoneGermanyCologne5GStreetLights.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMJytO-vknsmy4X01r2SLWPA2kbLeUeLhm47vpHQalgSEl1vwx2SF4Ho68kab2IYXEhiqUWx5GQj3gExxhfqjPI13FcG6pWJ8eMy9qq0Ew_QLYTQn2fXNL2BYyLEgSJdBpGGfinJj4t3fNazor-95apFGVePRiFjxegm1PiMvlssfL_Y0JvwiS6otXKyM/w640-h360/VodafoneGermanyCologne5GStreetLights.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>The <a href="https://newsroom.vodafone.de/netz/koeln-ist-deutschlands-erste-stadt-mit-5g-strassenlaternen" target="_blank">press release</a> said (Google translated in English from German): </p><p><span style="color: #990000;">Vodafone has equipped the two street lights with its own mobile communications technology - this includes the antennas, the active technology and the cable guides. The technology for the 5G network is housed in the lantern base (podium) of the nine meter high lanterns, the antennas are mounted six meters above the ground. The connection to the landline network is via fiber optic lines. RheinEnergie supplies the electricity for the street lights of the future. The antennas have a range of up to 400 meters and offer a speed of up to one gigabit in the 3.5 GHz band of the 5G+ network.</span></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">The so-called small cells are small radio cells that supplement the actual base stations of the mobile phone networks. They cannot replace a cell phone location on a roof or mast, but they provide additional capacity or increase the range in smaller areas within the cell phone cell. They are used primarily where there are a particularly large number of people in a small space. Small cells will play a particularly important role in the future for the 5G+ real-time network: in networked mobility offerings, for mobile augmented reality applications or for the social networks of tomorrow.</span></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">As part of its 'Gigabit Masterplan Cologne 2025', the city of Cologne is aiming for a comprehensive gigabit network with fiber optics in the ground and 5G in the air by 2025. The city of Cologne's goal is to facilitate network expansion in the cathedral city. Therefore, antenna locations of the city of Cologne and the Cologne public utilities as well as fiber optics and electricity are bundled and rented to the network operators or respective radio tower companies. The commissioning of the innovative street lights is part of the strategy for the comprehensive rollout of 5G+ throughout Cologne. Vodafone and its infrastructure subsidiary Vantage Towers are responsible for thisUse antenna locations in combination with fiber optic and power connections from the city and RheinEnergie. Vodafone is the first user of this 'Cologne model' of combined infrastructure provision. In principle, this model is open to all network operators.</span></p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XNKONVXR5m8?si=7TMis_tl411n6lXQ" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p>A more detailed video is available in the post <a href="https://newsroom.vodafone.de/netz/koeln-ist-deutschlands-erste-stadt-mit-5g-strassenlaternen" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p>In a post that <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516105551/https://ligmanevolve.com/project/cologne-germany/" target="_blank">no longer exists</a>, LIGMAN Evolve provided their involvement:</p><p><span style="color: #073763;">LIGMAN Evolve worked closely with partners 5G Synergiewerk and Stadtsysteme to deliver a bespoke solution for the deployment of the 5G+ network which would blend in with the existing street lighting infrastructure.</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">The LIGMAN Evolve solution has provided Vodafone with the ability to conceal and thermally manage the radios within the base section of the pole. This podium section also incorporates the power and fibre connections.</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">The poles incorporate hatches with bracket arms designed for the passive antennas. These provide the ability to accurately align the antennas to the required sector to maximise coverage in the streets.</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">The Extended podium has been designed with separate compartments for the MNO’s and the local electricity company – ESB. Both have a locked enclosure and neither has access to the others enclosure.</span></p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2022/06/vodafone-uk-bares-its-vision-and.html">Vodafone UK Bares Its Vision and European Strategy</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/06/vodafone-uk-switches-on-first-live-self.html">Vodafone UK Switches-on First Live 'Self-Powering' Mobile Phone Mast</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/05/vodafone-explains-mobile-phone-mast.html">Vodafone Explains Mobile Phone Mast</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/06/vodafone-uks-5g-infrastructure.html">Vodafone UK's 5G Infrastructure</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2019/04/vodafone-uk-improving-coverage-with.html">Vodafone UK improving coverage with Phone Boxes, Mini-masts & Manhole Covers</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/11/vodafone-portugal-streetlamp.html">Vodafone Portugal's “streetlamp”</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2021/12/vodafone-deutschland-germany-continues.html">Vodafone Deutschland (Germany) Continues 5G Use Cases Innovation</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2019/07/vodafone-and-ericsson-develop-industry_2.html">Vodafone and Ericsson develop ‘Industry 4.0’ factory in Germany</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2021/06/vodafone-uk-selects-commercial-open-ran.html">Vodafone UK Selects Commercial Open RAN Network Partners</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-66459314342712031132023-08-21T06:35:00.044+00:002023-08-21T06:35:55.042+00:00'Story of the Edge' by Akamai<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNtD6WhAhqda3c2u5EyBsPQl2jP0YvphonvhSqvKZu6WrHV9TmNZYGIxCZknzyjp_8ZkyXVnFneVisTLehoaCeTKsRTXEnck_sOmVtGddwVV5_WLs8WsNMrxGzmks1QY-1_u3Q_RTS88Vj3xKNy9xmwDIbuWas6_IKOii3fWM_Vm5B4azQ3RH9XH93mas/s1920/Akamai_Edge_Story.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNtD6WhAhqda3c2u5EyBsPQl2jP0YvphonvhSqvKZu6WrHV9TmNZYGIxCZknzyjp_8ZkyXVnFneVisTLehoaCeTKsRTXEnck_sOmVtGddwVV5_WLs8WsNMrxGzmks1QY-1_u3Q_RTS88Vj3xKNy9xmwDIbuWas6_IKOii3fWM_Vm5B4azQ3RH9XH93mas/w640-h360/Akamai_Edge_Story.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>People share some useful stuff on social networks that I bookmark to visit and write later. This was shared by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7006587428727619585/" target="_blank">John Francis Nolan</a> nine months back or so. I have just managed to watch it and definitely worth a share here.</p><p>Prof. Ramesh K. Sitaraman is <a href="https://networkingchannel.eu/living-on-the-edge-for-a-quarter-century-an-akamai-retrospective-speakers/" target="_blank">currently</a> a Distinguished University Professor and the Associate Dean for Educational Programs and Teaching in the College of Information and Computer Sciences at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. He is best known for pioneering <a href="https://people.cs.umass.edu/~ramesh/Site/PUBLICATIONS_files/DMPPSW02.pdf" target="_blank">content delivery networks</a> (CDNs) and <a href="https://groups.cs.umass.edu/ramesh/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/03/network_overview_osr.pdf" target="_blank">edge computing services</a> that currently deliver much of the world’s web, videos, edge applications, and online services. As a principal architect, he helped create the Akamai network, the world’s first major content delivery network (CDN) and edge computing service. He retains a part-time role as Akamai’s Chief Consulting Scientist. </p><p>Late last year he delivered a talk 'Living on the Edge for a Quarter Century: An Akamai Retrospective' on <a href="https://networkingchannel.eu/living-on-the-edge-for-a-quarter-century-an-akamai-retrospective-downloads/" target="_blank">The Networking Channel</a>. The following is the abstract of the talk:</p><p><span style="color: #351c75;">As Akamai and the creation of the “edge” turn 25, we look back at the key role that the edge has played in the evolution of internet services. The story of the edge starts in the late 1990s when servers were deployed worldwide to provide content delivery services for web pages and videos. The quest to move dynamic content and application logic closer to users created the first edge computing services a few years later. The growth of the edge that now spans thousands of locations has dramatically increased the scope and importance of services that critically rely on it. This has created new challenges in operating the edge at scale and securing it from sophisticated attacks. Further, as the carbon footprint of the edge grows rapidly, reimagining a sustainable “zero-carbon” edge that is powered by renewable energy poses a key direction for future research.</span></p><p>His talk is embedded below and the PDF copy of his presentation is available <a href="https://networkingchannel.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/LivingOnTheEdgeAkamaiPresentation.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1RQE8z_vQu0" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p>You can view the author's publication page <a href="https://groups.cs.umass.edu/ramesh/real-world-systems/" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The 3G4G Blog - <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2019/05/webinar-where-edge-meets-cloud-by-dean.html">Webinar: Where Edge Meets Cloud by Dean Bubley</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2022/05/transitioning-from-cloud-native-to-edge.html">Transitioning from Cloud-native to Edge-Native Infrastructure</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/04/operator-cloud-infrastructure-and.html">Operator Cloud Infrastructure and Innovation Strategy</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/07/zte-explains-5g-cdn-in-new-white-paper.html">ZTE explains 5G CDN in a new White Paper</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/03/aws-edge-to-power-private-networks-and.html">AWS Edge to Power Private Networks and Industry 4.0</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: T<a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/03/the-provider-telecom-cloud-and-user.html">he Provider (Telecom, Cloud) and User Open Edge: Innovation with No Vendor Lock-in</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/01/building-telco-edge-with-or-without.html">Building the telco edge with or without hyperscalers!</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-89317363501251419762023-07-20T06:35:00.005+00:002023-07-20T06:40:42.195+00:00T-Mobile USA's Disaster Response Satellite Vehicles, Drones and COWs<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCqcn42rL7D5CLTaY4dEUNFbUQ1rgIXycQYklzx9iU5BncWXEqpWYy8bvJn__K5xwLfdOn4AVNPIKOWbA4NlM8VFs0N2ZxaFRyjjSdxGYY1eIoJIVn2TMz0FM1HYBLtXvdCDW0HRtlkcaoavLi-SqUMCI6LU4uykFMet7L_JpR_m6PZmswdA3kZD8FKno/s1920/T-Mobile_USA_DisasterResponseVehicles.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCqcn42rL7D5CLTaY4dEUNFbUQ1rgIXycQYklzx9iU5BncWXEqpWYy8bvJn__K5xwLfdOn4AVNPIKOWbA4NlM8VFs0N2ZxaFRyjjSdxGYY1eIoJIVn2TMz0FM1HYBLtXvdCDW0HRtlkcaoavLi-SqUMCI6LU4uykFMet7L_JpR_m6PZmswdA3kZD8FKno/w640-h360/T-Mobile_USA_DisasterResponseVehicles.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>The United States of America (USA) is a huge country. With such a vast area it is no surprise that it experiences a relatively high number of natural hazards and disasters. It is prone to hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, tornadoes in the central region known as Tornado Alley, earthquakes along the West Coast, wildfires in dry areas, and floods in various regions.</p><p>It is for this reason that all US operators have to be prepared for any emergency at a very short notice. In earlier posts we looked at AT&T’s <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2023/02/evolution-of-at-flying-cow-cell-on-wings.html" target="_blank">Flying COWs</a> (Cell on Wings) and Verizon's Disaster Response COW, <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/02/thor-verizons-disaster-response-cow.html" target="_blank">THOR</a>. In this post we will look at T-Mobile's COWs.</p><p>In a recent news article, T-Mobile detailed their disaster preparedness. Quoting from the <a href="https://www.t-mobile.com/news/community/t-mobile-is-ready" target="_blank">article</a>:</p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">Since 2021, T-Mobile has made strategic investments to increase its network hardening footprint by more than 30%, placing fixed backup generators at even more towers, cell sites, network switches, data centers and other critical sites nationwide. These investments also enable the Un-carrier’s emergency response teams to leverage the network in innovative ways. For example, technicians and engineers who monitor weather in the field can remotely adjust sites in real-time to concentrate the signal in impacted areas, providing first responders with more bandwidth for data-intensive activities such as orchestrating rescues. This saves critical time and has minimal impact on customers due to T-Mobile’s network resiliency.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">T-Mobile is increasing its inventory of heavy-duty network disaster response vehicles—Satellite Cell-On-Wheels (SatCOWs) and Satellite Cell-On-Light-Trucks (SatCOLTs)—by over 50%. And this year, the Un-carrier is also rolling out new Class Super C RV Command Centers for on-site operations management and new heavy-duty community support trucks that provide device charging, charging supplies and Wi-Fi for anyone who needs it.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">The Un-carrier’s fleet already includes Network Emergency Operation Centers, Rough Terrain Dual Mast COLTs (which provide coverage for up to two miles, two-way radio communications, Wi-Fi and emergency lighting), Jeep COLTs, network and community Command Centers, Wi-Fi charging trailers, tow response vehicles and more.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">The emergency response team also stages agile solutions like COWs, VSATs (small satellite terminals) and microwave/long-range microwave kits to quickly restore service in impacted areas.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">The Un-carrier is looking ahead and innovating on the next wave of natural disaster prevention and response technology. Through an award-winning partnership, Pano AI leverages T-Mobile’s 5G network, ultra-high-definition cameras and a proprietary AI platform to scan and locate early-stage wildfires. With this technology, utility companies, fire authorities, forestry companies and private landowners can detect and respond to wildfires in rural areas faster than ever before.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">Earlier this month, T-Mobile and Valmont announced the longest ever beyond visual line of site (BVLOS) drone flight for infrastructure inspection—77 miles—enabled by T-Mobile’s 5G network. During the flight, Valmont demonstrated the capability of a 5G-enabled technology to preemptively monitor infrastructure such as power lines, railroads and bridges in Texas with greater accuracy, helping to prevent malfunctions and infrastructure-related emergencies.</span></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">.<a href="https://twitter.com/TMobile?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@TMobile</a> Responds to Devastating Flooding Across Vermont<a href="https://t.co/lPdbIDDOav">https://t.co/lPdbIDDOav</a></p>— T-Mobile Newsroom (@tmobilenews) <a href="https://twitter.com/tmobilenews/status/1679482470381617154?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 13, 2023</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">When disasters strike, T-Mobile deploys cutting-edge 5G Search and Rescue (SAR) drones and tethered drones to aid in disaster response efforts. SAR drones can fly up to 75 miles per mission to provide coverage and use infrared and thermal imaging to locate people, especially in unfavorable conditions. And with a 55-pound payload capacity, they can also deliver lifesaving supplies. Connected to power and backhaul resources, tethered drones can fly up to 400 feet to provide nearly continuously coverage to surrounding areas.</span></p><p>You can read the complete article <a href="https://www.t-mobile.com/news/community/t-mobile-is-ready" target="_blank">here</a> which contains a lot of pictures of their disaster response vehicles.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2023/02/evolution-of-at-flying-cow-cell-on-wings.html">Evolution of AT&T’s Flying COW (Cell on Wings)</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/02/thor-verizons-disaster-response-cow.html">THOR - Verizon's Disaster Response COW</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog - <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2019/03/t-mobile-usa-anatomy-of-mobile-wireless.html">T-Mobile USA: Anatomy of A Mobile Wireless Network</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/07/t-mobile-usa-is-deploying-25k-small.html">T-Mobile USA is deploying 25K small cells with LAA</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog - <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2018/08/t-mobile-usa-5g-laa-small-cells_51.html">T-Mobile, USA: 5G, LAA & Small Cells</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-13028109520943780752023-06-27T06:35:00.001+00:002023-06-27T08:29:44.404+00:00Ericsson's Massive MIMO Handbook(s)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEpyquTCJ10r1ORimHTNDEh0SIU-TqrMDjG0Gz-5KAVR3Rh1fevGcGANy_06sYtCYAWtZnHN_yK_8WcxQpTCL8MEqf76kTVpw8UcvrvBBXlPq6d1hQO66NNOFnaj4rqVbLdRKA_1LUvpAq4aoo9D4Lhtq1BBJRso9tpB7F69b4MOn1LlVgXJO03iRh/s1920/Ericsson_MassiveMIMO_Handbook.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEpyquTCJ10r1ORimHTNDEh0SIU-TqrMDjG0Gz-5KAVR3Rh1fevGcGANy_06sYtCYAWtZnHN_yK_8WcxQpTCL8MEqf76kTVpw8UcvrvBBXlPq6d1hQO66NNOFnaj4rqVbLdRKA_1LUvpAq4aoo9D4Lhtq1BBJRso9tpB7F69b4MOn1LlVgXJO03iRh/w640-h360/Ericsson_MassiveMIMO_Handbook.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>Sometime last year, Ericsson published a <a href="https://foryou.ericsson.com/Massive-MIMO-handbook-extended-version-download.html" target="_blank">detailed Massive MIMO Handbook</a>, which contains two documents:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Massive MIMO Handbook</li><li>Massive MIMO Handbook – Technology Primer</li></ul><p></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">Ericsson's Massive MIMO handbook 2022, First edition extended, is a valuable resource for anyone interested in RF <a href="https://t.co/ueLWPy3UPe">https://t.co/ueLWPy3UPe</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Free5Gtraining?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Free5Gtraining</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/3G4G5G?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#3G4G5G</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/4G?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#4G</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/5G?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#5G</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ericsson?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Ericsson</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/MIMO?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#MIMO</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/MassiveMIMO?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#MassiveMIMO</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/3GPP?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#3GPP</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Coverage?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Coverage</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Compact?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Compact</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Capacity?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Capacity</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Throughput?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Throughput</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Primer?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Primer</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Cband?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Cband</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Midband?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Midband</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Spectrum?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Spectrum</a> <a href="https://t.co/etPLAPBq4e">pic.twitter.com/etPLAPBq4e</a></p>— Free 5G Training (@5Gtraining) <a href="https://twitter.com/5Gtraining/status/1623409841438920705?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 8, 2023</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">The main purpose of the Massive MIMO Handbook is to provide a guide for how to use Massive MIMO to meet the performance requirements in a 5G mobile networks. It should also provide a guide for how to choose suitable products in typical network deployment scenarios. The handbook shall also briefly explain key aspects of how Massive MIMO works and how the different technology components affect network performance in field.</span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">This handbook primarily targets the Massive MIMO stakeholders in the communications service providers´ organizations. It can also be used by internal Ericsson organizations.</span></p><p><span style="color: #134f5c;">The document focuses on Massive MIMO solutions, including as a means for meeting the performance requirements in the network. Focus is on products operating with time division duplex (TDD) on mid-band spectrum, typically 3.5-3.7 GHz. Conventional radio solutions are also included as an alternative where Massive MIMO is not needed or not cost efficient. Furthermore, emphasis is on the radio solution, i.e. the radio parts and the antenna parts. To keep the document focused and limited in volume, the baseband solution, site solution other than radio parts and the antenna (e.g. power, enclosure, cooling, etc.), transport solutions (backhaul and fronthaul) are not included. High-band (mm Wave) and FDD are not included in this version. The service in focus is mobile broadband (MBB) as this is the dominating service in all mobile networks.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">The purpose of Massive MIMO Handbook – Technology Primer is to provide a deeper understanding to how Massive MIMO works, why it works and what performance is achievable in a real network deployment. Many related topics that provide additional insights to the background of Massive MIMO, e.g. antennas and wave propagation, the implications of Massive MIMO, e.g. architecture and implementation and radio requirements are also covered.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">The different chapters of the Technology Primer can be read selectively and standalone to deepen knowledge where the reader chooses. The chapters are however organized in a way that they best are read in succession. For example, the chapters: antennas and wave propagation, antenna arrays, multi-antenna technologies, 3GPP solutions, network performance and Massive MIMO features will be better understood if read in a sequence. If readers has a reasonably good understanding of an area from start, they do not need to read everything in these chapters, and rather selectively read what is important to them.</span></p><div>PDF can be downloaded from <a href="https://www.ericsson.com/4947d3/assets/local/ran/doc/03142022-massive-mimo-handbook-extended-1st-edition-e-book.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</div><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>3G4G: <a href="https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/advanced6015.html">Massive MIMO for 5G: How Big Can it Get?</a> - Emil Björnson</li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2019/04/distributed-massive-mimo-using-ericsson.html">Distributed Massive MIMO using Ericsson Radio Stripes</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2019/11/cell-free-massive-mimo-and-radio-stripes.html">Cell-free Massive MIMO and Radio Stripes</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2021/02/csi-rs-vs-srs-beamforming.html">CSI-RS vs SRS Beamforming</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/12/demos-from-ericssons-radio-tech-day-2021.html">Demos from Ericsson's Radio Tech Day 2021</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/09/ericssons-street-solutions.html">Ericsson's Street Solutions</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/06/three-uks-gigabit-5g-poles-explained.html">Three UK's Gigabit 5G Poles Explained</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/02/samsung-and-ericsson-talks-massive-mimo.html">Samsung and Ericsson Talks Massive MIMO</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-4108545365797072882023-06-12T06:35:00.004+00:002023-06-12T06:58:25.643+00:00Du's Solar Sites in UAE<p>du mobile telecommunication services, the <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2020/04/4g-connectivity-in-uae-becoming.html" target="_blank">second largest</a> UAE MNO was launched in February 2007 under Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company (EITC), a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_(company)" target="_blank">public joint stock company</a> incorporated in Dubai through Ministerial Resolution No. 479 of 2005 issued on 28 December 2005. As of 2021, du has 6.7 million (39%) of UAE mobile subscribers and 236,000 fixed line subscribers.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrH5gOVR84B-iVoMgyxS9SzSWW3RUqtB54nLvjCTi-7bgp3Zdq_IcFlBW4npMQmMmUGGYw0jYyReIeYYFaRZHdYQH407h80GM8SruMpPxCm6RshesJ34hqN1Kg94eCCXx7LqLaEzbZmbiR1rqC5sEBbpy7Wd40uKHFwE_b0AVHtNV_BCui86cV8SC6/s1707/Du_SolarPoweredSites.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1707" data-original-width="1280" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrH5gOVR84B-iVoMgyxS9SzSWW3RUqtB54nLvjCTi-7bgp3Zdq_IcFlBW4npMQmMmUGGYw0jYyReIeYYFaRZHdYQH407h80GM8SruMpPxCm6RshesJ34hqN1Kg94eCCXx7LqLaEzbZmbiR1rqC5sEBbpy7Wd40uKHFwE_b0AVHtNV_BCui86cV8SC6/w480-h640/Du_SolarPoweredSites.jpeg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><p>In their latest <a href="https://www.du.ae/sustainability/our-reports" target="_blank">sustainability report</a>, du said:</p><p><span style="color: #351c75;">78 sites that run completely on solar panels, helping us save 360 tCO2 during the year</span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: #351c75;">Diesel savings of approximately 1.4 million litres/year (a total carbon footprint reduction of 3,714 tCO2/year)</span></li><li><span style="color: #351c75;">Additional 100 solar sites planned for installation in 2023</span></li></ul><p></p><p>Surprisingly it is difficult to find how these sites look like. The picture above is from a LinkedIn post by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ibrahimgedeon_du-sustainability-telus-activity-7006202101068427264-qsbL/" target="_blank">Ibrahim Gedeon</a>. The only other place I have seen these is in this Tweet:</p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">In celebration of the Emirates <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NationalEnvironmentDay?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NationalEnvironmentDay</a> 🇦🇪, we’re introducing our latest innovative ‘Solar on Tower’ Project. ☀️<br /><br />Together, we keep working towards a more mindful and sustainable future for all. Check it out. 👷 <a href="https://t.co/nfhFQPiDZV">pic.twitter.com/nfhFQPiDZV</a></p>— dutweets (@dutweets) <a href="https://twitter.com/dutweets/status/1357370706300960773?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 4, 2021</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>It would be interesting to learn more. If you have more info or know where to find it, please feel free to add the info in the comments below.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2020/04/4g-connectivity-in-uae-becoming.html">4G Connectivity in UAE becoming Ubiquitous</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/06/vodafone-uk-switches-on-first-live-self.html">Vodafone UK Switches-on First Live 'Self-Powering' Mobile Phone Mast</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/06/omniflow-smart-street-lighting-for-5g.html">Omniflow Smart Street Lighting for 5G and IoT</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-56461758638944148962023-05-16T06:35:00.042+00:002023-05-16T06:35:00.132+00:00Deutsche Telekom 5G Small Cells in Phone Boxes<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyF1o1oAwUUrw8syXdGn8htqU9NoYeBDn1U_OgwaXh-2TxkWDuqOmWz6pJsJKZemxYeU94kyvvh-0LXZd7RoSRKJmSGeq1Gh9KDlRKNufSvcclrqSlirYPCIHyq4_Uo590nPKTA-IbspHrCBsCbFI36Cl46t6efWGb-33u1AALqzGusgGqaHwj_hy/s1920/TelekomPhoneBooth5GSmallCells.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwyF1o1oAwUUrw8syXdGn8htqU9NoYeBDn1U_OgwaXh-2TxkWDuqOmWz6pJsJKZemxYeU94kyvvh-0LXZd7RoSRKJmSGeq1Gh9KDlRKNufSvcclrqSlirYPCIHyq4_Uo590nPKTA-IbspHrCBsCbFI36Cl46t6efWGb-33u1AALqzGusgGqaHwj_hy/w640-h360/TelekomPhoneBooth5GSmallCells.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2019/04/vodafone-uk-improving-coverage-with.html" target="_blank">Vodafone</a> and <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/12/small-cells-in-bt-phone-boxes.html" target="_blank">BT/EE</a> in UK have been deploying small cells in phone boxes for years, now the German operator Deutsche Telekom is going the same way as it starts dismantling the last remaining 12,000 public telephones of the 160,000 that used to exist. </p><p>The Museum for Communication in Frankfurt (<a href="https://sammlungen.museumsstiftung.de/oeffentliche-telefonie/" target="_blank">link</a>) has models of the German Phone Boxes. The following is an extract from DT's <a href="https://www.telekom.com/de/blog/konzern/artikel/die-letzten-groschen-sind-gefallen-1019918" target="_blank">blog post</a>, translated in English by Google Translate:</p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">The well-known "yellow telephone boxes" have not been there since 2018. There are currently around 12,000 public telephones from Telekom. The steles or so-called basic telephones are often located at train stations, airports or on exhibition grounds. They are not economical, they are outdated and consume large amounts of energy. On average, it is between 500 and 1,250 kilowatt hours per year - depending on the equipment at the location. By switching off the unused technology dinosaurs, between six and 15 million kilowatt hours can be saved annually. This corresponds to the power consumption of several thousand apartments. The supply of spare parts for the old ISDN technology is also being discontinued by the manufacturers and is becoming increasingly difficult. Despite all the good memories, it's about time, even with this look, </span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">Telekom will gradually phase out the service by early 2023. From November 21, 2022, coin payment will be gradually deactivated nationwide for the remaining 12,000 telephones. From the end of January, the payment function using telephone cards and thus the entire telecommunications service at the telephone pillars or booths will also be discontinued.</span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">The dismantling of the steles will then begin, which is expected to be completed by the beginning of 2025. In consultation with the communities, Telekom continues to use around a quarter of the sites to improve local mobile communications without a public telephony function. It is converting the locations with so-called small cells. These are small antennas that amplify cellular signals and thus further improve cellular communications. </span></p><p><span style="color: #741b47;">Since the Telecommunications Act was amended at the end of 2021, there is no longer any obligation to operate public telephones. Due to the low usage, the public telephones no longer contribute to the basic service of the population. Even for emergency calls, the public telephones are no longer relevant. Here, too, the mobile phone takes over and supports, for example, by transmitting the exact location information.</span></p><p>This video below shows how some of these phone boxes will have Ericsson's small cells. There are two different approaches. Some of them will be D-RAN and some of them will be C-RAN, where C is Centralised in this case. Switch on the subtitles for English translation.</p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/amuncgRnqic?cc_load_policy=1" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2021/07/different-types-of-ran-architectures.html">Different Types of RAN Architectures - Distributed, Centralized & Cloud</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2019/04/vodafone-uk-improving-coverage-with.html">Vodafone UK improving coverage with Phone Boxes, Mini-masts & Manhole Covers</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/12/small-cells-in-bt-phone-boxes.html">Small Cells in BT Phone Boxes</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/11/deutsche-telekom-launches-indoor.html">Deutsche Telekom Launches Indoor Booster 5G Repeater</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/07/fc-bayern-and-deutsche-telekom-bring-5g.html">FC Bayern and Deutsche Telekom bring 5G to the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2019/08/deutsche-telekom-hubersuhner-are.html">Deutsche Telekom, Huber+Suhner are jointly developing 5G small cell antennas</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-29221906992782274802023-04-22T09:35:00.004+00:002023-04-22T10:23:59.680+00:00Omdia's Global Telecoms Capex Trends – 2022<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNnnA88iHLQ1JJJqzgKA-RCLVzmmddrnpDrMT9ttbyT76KJS4gq9CYetGN4ZLIW7_qamBpIvFdOpISaYwru-w_keT4tolLJW_75-v5T4NGvbDWIFF9WcMT6GzpMs0wo_SGvjK0-OCd-Iq2jythharsqYEkcRHvLdkSn3tXoopl4LGFpxWGR1oJtSyO/s1920/OmdiaGobalTelecomsCapexTrends2022.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNnnA88iHLQ1JJJqzgKA-RCLVzmmddrnpDrMT9ttbyT76KJS4gq9CYetGN4ZLIW7_qamBpIvFdOpISaYwru-w_keT4tolLJW_75-v5T4NGvbDWIFF9WcMT6GzpMs0wo_SGvjK0-OCd-Iq2jythharsqYEkcRHvLdkSn3tXoopl4LGFpxWGR1oJtSyO/w640-h360/OmdiaGobalTelecomsCapexTrends2022.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>Our industry goes through a lot of Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A). Information Handling Services (IHS) built its Technology, Media and Telecoms (TMT) in large part through the acquisition of Infonetics Research for an undisclosed sum in 2014. Then in 2016, IHS merged with London-based Markit to create IHS Markit. Then in 2019, IHS Markit <a href="https://www.lightwaveonline.com/business/market-research/article/14033814/ihs-markit-swaps-group-that-researches-optical-communications-for-informas-agribusiness-unit" target="_blank">swapped</a> its TMT group with Informa's Agribusiness Intelligence group and $30 million in cash. </p><p>At the start of 2020, Omdia was <a href="https://omdia.tech.informa.com/about/about-us" target="_blank">formed</a> by unifying the depth and breadth of expertise from Informa Tech’s legacy research brands: Ovum, IHS Markit Technology, Tractica and Heavy Reading.</p><p><span style="color: #4c1130;">Omdia <a href="https://omdia.tech.informa.com/OM030642/Global-Telecoms-Capex-Trends--2022" target="_blank">recently published</a> the 2022 full-year update of its Global Telecoms Capex Tracker, a detailed database of telecom operator capital expenditure (capex) from 1Q19 to 4Q22. This Analyst Opinion covers the major recent developments in telecoms capex and highlights some interesting points from the tracker.</span></p><p><span style="color: #4c1130;">In the tracker, Omdia splits capex estimates into various categories and subcategories that broadly map to our technology market research coverage. For the full year of 2022, the first level of breakdown is into civil infrastructure (9%), access network (37%), transport (14%), core (4%), cloud infrastructure (9%), IT and software (13%), devices and customer premises equipment (CPE) (6%), and other (10%).</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNq7Sjpqle4Wkv7bQVrINGV4lNfdR9ylevNeJXTuNcWZK6j7ScqWiS6MSgF93NRE0KF8EfqPWBY4_vNYxa3PwDFDvUB5gB9h7rH6KspIAiEcXixkC9NIRmKq2EOq9aDmLu_cFWGj1Hc6Y13n3Iiq7fKhszmHF43KieqkGRwB8XSwhrxjv7wCEBX8J5/s1920/GlobalTelecomsCapexFlow_Omdia2022.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1280" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNq7Sjpqle4Wkv7bQVrINGV4lNfdR9ylevNeJXTuNcWZK6j7ScqWiS6MSgF93NRE0KF8EfqPWBY4_vNYxa3PwDFDvUB5gB9h7rH6KspIAiEcXixkC9NIRmKq2EOq9aDmLu_cFWGj1Hc6Y13n3Iiq7fKhszmHF43KieqkGRwB8XSwhrxjv7wCEBX8J5/w427-h640/GlobalTelecomsCapexFlow_Omdia2022.jpeg" width="427" /></a></div><p>You can find the details <a href="https://omdia.tech.informa.com/OM030642/Global-Telecoms-Capex-Trends--2022" target="_blank">here</a>. The author, Adam Mackenzie, has shared a high-resolution picture and some more details on his LinkedIn post <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7052241409461899264/" target="_blank">here</a>. The comments are worth reading as well.</p><p>For people who are interested in similar topics, check out the links below 👇.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2020/10/understanding-tco-of-mobile-network.html">Understanding the TCO of a Mobile Network</a></li><li>3G4G: <a href="https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/beginners0015.html">The Flow of Money in the Mobile Industry</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2019/07/what-is-meant-by-infrastructure-in.html">What is meant by Infrastructure in a Telecoms Network?</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2019/07/mobile-network-cell-tower-site.html">Mobile Network Cell Tower Site Construction</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2017/11/quick-tutorial-on-mobile-network.html">Quick tutorial on Mobile Network Sharing Options</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2020/04/different-types-of-service-providers.html">Different Types Of Service Providers</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-52942559246656688912023-03-14T07:35:00.025+00:002023-03-14T07:35:50.351+00:00KDDI's Underground 5G Base Stations<p>Some five years back I talked about <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/04/ntt-docomo-underground-lte-small-cells.html" target="_blank">NTT Docomo's underground LTE base stations</a>, now it's KDDI's turn for an underground 5G base station. Last week the Japanese operator KDDI announced to the world that they are testing an underground base station in a handhole (just big enough for the hand to go in as opposed to manhole where a person can go in). </p><p>The <a href="https://news.kddi.com/kddi/corporate/newsrelease/2023/03/09/6602.html" target="_blank">press release</a> (translated by Google from Japanese) said:</p><p><span style="color: #073763;">In December 2022, KDDI became the first domestic telecommunications carrier to begin operation of an embedded 5G base station (hereafter referred to as this base station) in Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo (on the premises of the KDDI Otemachi Building).</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">In the future, we aim to accelerate the expansion of areas that require consideration of scenery, such as Bikan districts, by utilizing this base station</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8AvzKmnboUGzqmRccJecII4Z6XPgiEWGQZgaQLk-kHhxrljVUbI5USORNrIjGJFSohjKOEuBPdjBc-SGOyukqUISOm0wODeQzWth1MapDp1r_ljpavG2ryUpnF2pPkhIjgcr3TTIpN0cJnh1oMgwXx1GAXPNJFHKCnbsno_wxbWQV5D7JfjH8GZaM/s1920/KDDI_Underground_5G_BaseStation.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8AvzKmnboUGzqmRccJecII4Z6XPgiEWGQZgaQLk-kHhxrljVUbI5USORNrIjGJFSohjKOEuBPdjBc-SGOyukqUISOm0wODeQzWth1MapDp1r_ljpavG2ryUpnF2pPkhIjgcr3TTIpN0cJnh1oMgwXx1GAXPNJFHKCnbsno_wxbWQV5D7JfjH8GZaM/w640-h360/KDDI_Underground_5G_BaseStation.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p><b><span style="color: #073763;">Background</span></b></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">Conventional tower-mounted base stations and building roof-mounted base stations have exposed base station antennas, which can affect the scenery. It was. As one solution to this problem, the introduction of buried base stations, in which the base station equipment is installed underground (below the ground surface), is expected. In July 2021, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications' new system of radio wave protection guidelines for embedded base stations came into effect.</span></p><p><b><span style="color: #073763;">About this base station</span></b></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">Since 2018, KDDI has been considering the start of commercial operation of embedded base stations. In December 2022, we succeeded in emitting radio waves from this base station, and verified radio wave propagation characteristics until February 2023, confirming that a communication area with a radius of about 50m can be secured.</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">By storing the devices necessary for radio wave radiation, such as wireless devices and antennas, in a housing buried underground (below the ground surface), it is possible to install the device in consideration of the landscape. In addition, by radiating radio waves upward, it will be an area along the ground.</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">It adopts a highly waterproof metal housing and is designed to withstand water intrusion. Also, since the antenna is underground, it is less susceptible to strong winds.</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">KDDI will continue to develop new concept base stations that are not bound by existing base station installation forms, and will continue to expand service areas, improve quality, and create an environment that is easier for customers to use.</span></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="ja">n78(3.7G)離れても掴むから別みたい<br />もしかしてn77(4.0G)マンホールから吹いてる?<br />なお、このマンホール基地局を作るのにKDDIは周りに木もたてたようなので<br />ガーデニング基地局という名称になりましたw <a href="https://t.co/TonrSLJ08M">pic.twitter.com/TonrSLJ08M</a></p>— 電波やくざ@告白実行委員会😌💕 (@denpa893) <a href="https://twitter.com/denpa893/status/1634417548782612480?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 11, 2023</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>Nice to see mobile enthusiasts already testing the base station out. We will have to wait to see how the PoC goes and if we will see more of these deployed commercially. </p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/04/ntt-docomo-underground-lte-small-cells.html">NTT Docomo's Underground LTE Small Cells with possibility to deploy 5G in future</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2016/06/underground-small-cells.html">Underground Small Cells</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2016/01/small-cells-wi-fi-in-pavements-roads.html">Small Cells & Wi-Fi in the pavements & roads</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2023/01/kddi-plans-to-improve-rural.html">KDDI Plans to Improve Rural Connectivity in Japan using SpaceX's Starlink</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/08/kddi-to-test-5g-with-base-stations.html">KDDI to test 5G with base stations built in Street Lights</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2021/05/kddis-seven-b5g6g-technologies.html">KDDI's Seven B5G/6G Technologies Contributing to Society 5.0 Implementation</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2020/02/kddi-japan-iot-march-continues-with_8.html">KDDI Japan's IoT march continues with over 10 Million Connections</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2019/04/japan-allocates-5g-spectrum-in-37ghz_85.html">Japan allocates 5G Spectrum in 3.7GHz, 4.5GHz and 28GHz bands</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-45417371577596148292023-02-10T07:35:00.011+00:002023-02-10T07:35:18.605+00:00Evolution of AT&T’s Flying COW (Cell on Wings)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAa3hrXpGpdv3FkmevZegC0gLEKRfZK9eubqMf6aoAWhTWkOyvl1NFXV7Dk1LVd488FsNNN6jpHeQ8bdEcFZl5dbAXYxgCMDOxqZ1RWjev6c06zRTIyBYS8GGoJuPyU0SASADNXF9fIIygsPi9MFkHGWsz5DyCM7h8OW8KT2W7Kzu0pZ2RiRTjin2Z/s1920/ATT_FlyingCOWevolution.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAa3hrXpGpdv3FkmevZegC0gLEKRfZK9eubqMf6aoAWhTWkOyvl1NFXV7Dk1LVd488FsNNN6jpHeQ8bdEcFZl5dbAXYxgCMDOxqZ1RWjev6c06zRTIyBYS8GGoJuPyU0SASADNXF9fIIygsPi9MFkHGWsz5DyCM7h8OW8KT2W7Kzu0pZ2RiRTjin2Z/w640-h360/ATT_FlyingCOWevolution.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>I first got introduced to COWs (Cell on Wheels) when AT&T talked about them back in <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2014/04/at-small-cells-advertisement-and-cell.html" target="_blank">2014</a>. Since then I have written about AT&T's <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2017/02/connecting-rural-scotland-using.html" target="_blank">Flying COWs</a> (Cell on Wings as opposed to Wheels) and also the <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/09/drones-more-drones-droneway.html" target="_blank">Flying COW - Helicopter</a>. All of the Flying COWs were transmitting 4G/LTE.</p><p>In an announcement last June, AT&T announced that their Flying COW was able to transmit 5G. Surprisingly they haven't shared any videos publicly, unlike the <a href="https://youtu.be/WEIplszMzoI" target="_blank">4G ones</a>. Their <a href="https://about.att.com/story/2022/5G-drone-program.html" target="_blank">announcement</a> said:</p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">The AT&T drone team picked this remote location for the ground-breaking launch of its Flying COW® (Cell on Wings), because of that: it’s remote. No trees. No houses. No humans. Only wide-open spaces and the occasional four-legged cow.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">“We had intermittent, weak LTE signal at the flight location before we launched the 5G Flying COW®,” said Ethan Hunt, Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Principal Program Manager, AT&T. “We flew the drone up to about 300 feet, turned on the signal and it began transmitting strong 5G coverage to approximately 10 square miles.”</span></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">Did you notice the PM named in the story? Ethan Hunt. Same guy from Mission: Impossible. Expect <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/5G?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#5G</a> on high speed motorcycle chase next.</p>— Viet Q Nguyen (@VietQNguyen) <a href="https://twitter.com/VietQNguyen/status/1532391286530928641?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 2, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">That means, customers with a capable 5G phone in the area could have gone from no service to super-fast wireless connections in seconds. In the future, this could help first responders in a search and rescue mission.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">“Drones may use 5G for command and control or to stream video, but the AT&T 5G Flying COW® is the only drone that provides a 5G network,” Ethan said.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">A COW serves as a cell site on a drone, and AT&T has been using this technology to beam LTE coverage to customers during big events and disasters for years. Other companies may use 5G signals to communicate with drones, but the 5G Flying COW® could be a game changer.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">“Our focus within the drone world is connectivity. All of our drone solutions have that focus,” said Art Pregler, Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Program Director, AT&T. “5G brings a lot of new capability to the table. We can connect a lot larger number of devices with 5G. When we put that up, we can share with a larger population.”</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;"></span></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en"><span style="color: #0b5394;">We’ve taken <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/5G?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#5G</a> to new heights! <a href="https://twitter.com/ATT?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@ATT</a> launched an industry first, delivering 5G via our Flying COW® (Cell on Wings). This can revolutionize the way first responders communicate when disaster strikes and connect those in rural communities across the U.S. <a href="https://t.co/NDNq5UstNS">https://t.co/NDNq5UstNS</a> <a href="https://t.co/XwlxV1jydT">pic.twitter.com/XwlxV1jydT</a></span></p><span style="color: #0b5394;">— AT&T News (@ATTNEWS) <a href="https://twitter.com/ATTNEWS/status/1533896149903482881?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 6, 2022</a></span></blockquote><span style="color: #0b5394;"> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script></span><p></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">That, in turn, can lead to a more seamless experience, better network performance and an overall better experience.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;"> “It’s enabling a lot more solutions, including human-to-machine interface that are now capable that wasn’t previously possible,” said Art.</span></p><p>Complete story <a href="https://about.att.com/story/2022/5G-drone-program.html" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog - <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2014/04/at-small-cells-advertisement-and-cell.html">AT&T: Small Cells advertisement and Cell On Wheels (COW)</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2017/02/connecting-rural-scotland-using.html">Connecting Rural Scotland using Airmasts and Droneways</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/09/drones-more-drones-droneway.html">Drones, More Drones & Droneway</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/04/telefonica-lte-nano-small-cell.html">Telefonica's LTE Nano Small Cell</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/02/flying-small-cells-are-here.html">Flying Small Cells are here...</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog - <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2017/08/at-blog-providing-connectivity-from.html">AT&T Blog: "Providing Connectivity from Inside a Cactus"</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-86497234336212549962023-01-27T07:35:00.011+00:002023-01-27T07:46:51.989+00:00Seoul Metro Wi-Fi Backhauled by Samsung's 5G mmWave Network Solution<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDtFSnwKPL-AEhdH86__dyiSaQirFUZYNmJitL6utxbC_cHXLfY_o0kHql6qzkgNKm4_8fI3ePvuFCAfaGs4Y8BBHlkoc3s1rlwDAfI5anpbWl8qnNwYdaDXtAtZb2Qyo4MA4aOLdXmOw3FYi63WxeD8tupSfYK_Y8EWs1R0xXAFnhqhFjb-bdquKc/s1920/Samsung5GmmWaveMetro.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDtFSnwKPL-AEhdH86__dyiSaQirFUZYNmJitL6utxbC_cHXLfY_o0kHql6qzkgNKm4_8fI3ePvuFCAfaGs4Y8BBHlkoc3s1rlwDAfI5anpbWl8qnNwYdaDXtAtZb2Qyo4MA4aOLdXmOw3FYi63WxeD8tupSfYK_Y8EWs1R0xXAFnhqhFjb-bdquKc/w640-h360/Samsung5GmmWaveMetro.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>In our earlier posts we talked about how Wi-Fi 6 is being promoted by South Korea's <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2020/11/south-koreas-ministry-promotes-wi-fi-6.html" target="_blank">ministry</a> and also how mmWave has not been very successful in Korea. Having said that, earlier last year, Samsung Electronics <a href="https://www.samsung.com/global/business/networks/insights/press-release/0228-samsung-selected-to-power-wi-fi-connectivity-using-5g-mmwave-for-subways-in-seoul-south-korea/" target="_blank">announced</a> that it has signed contracts with all three South Korean operators to supply its 5G mmWave network solutions and boost connectivity for passengers on the Seoul subway system:</p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">Over 3.6 million passengers use the Seoul subway daily across over 300 stations. With a population of 9.6 million, Seoul is one of the world’s most densely populated cities, with its subway serving as one of the major means of public transportation for the busy metropolitan area. The subway system is expansive, resembling a spider web network that connects Seoul and the surrounding areas, carrying over 30 percent of the city’s population.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">While the Seoul subway system has already been providing stable 5G (3.5GHz), 4G and Wi-Fi services, mobile data demands in subways continue to rise exponentially as Korea’s monthly average 5G data consumption reaches approximately 25GB per person.</span></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">.<a href="https://twitter.com/Samsung?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Samsung</a> is supplying <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/5G?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#5G</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/mmWave?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#mmWave</a> equipment to Korean🇰🇷 <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/MNOs?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#MNOs</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/SKtelecom?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SKtelecom</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/kt_corp?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@kt_corp</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/LGUplus?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@LGUplus</a> powering Seoul Metro connectivity across ~300 stations🚆. This partnership will enable ultra-high data speeds for over 3.6M daily passengers. <a href="https://t.co/KZSGeWuMeF">https://t.co/KZSGeWuMeF</a> <a href="https://t.co/hkGK7sAhl1">pic.twitter.com/hkGK7sAhl1</a></p>— Samsung Networks (@SamsungNetworks) <a href="https://twitter.com/SamsungNetworks/status/1520844185133322241?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 1, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">Later this year, Samsung’s 5G mmWave solutions will enable the subway’s Wi-Fi services to meet increasing data demands by leveraging mmWave’s wide bandwidth, extensive capacity and massive throughput. Subway passengers will be able to enjoy bandwidth-intensive applications such as high-speed, superior-quality streaming for live sports games, movies, mobile games and video communications. These will be delivered at Wi-Fi speeds up to ten times faster on average than currently provided.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">In addition to transforming the daily mobile experience for subway users, Samsung’s advanced 5G mmWave solutions will drive a diversified range of use cases and business opportunities for new entrepreneurs, app development startups and consumers. Utilizing mmWave bandwidth can not only bring to life next-generation services such as the metaverse, cloud gaming and Extended Reality (XR) remote learning, but it can also be expanded beyond transportation to industries like retail, medicine, media and entertainment.</span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">A key component of the Seoul subway commercial deployment is <a href="https://www.samsung.com/global/business/networks/products/radio-access/access-unit/" target="_blank">Samsung’s mmWave 5G radio solution, Compact Macro,</a> which brings together a baseband unit, radio and antenna in a single form factor. Optimized for mmWave 5G, it uses in-house modems, radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and digital analog front end (DAFE) ASICs.</span></p><p>Complete press release <a href="https://www.samsung.com/global/business/networks/insights/press-release/0228-samsung-selected-to-power-wi-fi-connectivity-using-5g-mmwave-for-subways-in-seoul-south-korea/" target="_blank">here</a>. Embedded below is a short promo video on this</p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gh6yIjW1duM" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/05/london-underground-mobile-network.html">London Underground Mobile Network Infrastructure</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/07/bringing-connectivity-to-underground.html">Bringing Connectivity to Underground Rail Network</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2021/06/deutsche-bahn-to-get-seamless-mobile.html">Deutsche Bahn to get Seamless Mobile Network Along all Tracks</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2021/06/china-unicom-brings-5g-connectivity-to.html">China Unicom Brings 5G Connectivity to Nanjing Metro</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2020/07/paris-metro-is-now-100-covered-with-lte.html">Paris Metro is now 100% covered with LTE</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2021/03/wi-fi-and-5g-status-in-south-korea.html">Wi-Fi and 5G Status in South Korea</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2020/11/south-koreas-ministry-promotes-wi-fi-6.html">South Korea's Ministry promotes Wi-Fi 6, says WiFi is like 5G</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2022/11/is-south-korea-losing-its-5g-crown.html">Is South Korea Losing its 5G Crown?</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2022/02/samsung-talks-about-6g-progress-and.html">Samsung talks about 6G Progress and Demos</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2022/06/samsungs-6g-spectrum-whitepaper.html">Samsung's 6G Spectrum Whitepaper Discusses Candidate Bands</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-57659990438377384592023-01-12T13:23:00.003+00:002023-01-12T13:23:33.292+00:00KDDI Plans to Improve Rural Connectivity in Japan using SpaceX's Starlink<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT13NHeUegzJPlrvIe4FWrpA6Ceq0BuPJwjyLcxUS4Vz3FfS3LOtxyOCOmP026hFWB6yOkENtVVgKgM7prFIZRrXjhvx7B5O1yVssQkp1_hkvIpFP3qw4uR_knECAify4z5XO9N41ImrwNYsqaBANYPIUbI9KahQ9OOByIL45jQJU9ve_4RYSTUwll/s1920/KDDI_Starlink_Japan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT13NHeUegzJPlrvIe4FWrpA6Ceq0BuPJwjyLcxUS4Vz3FfS3LOtxyOCOmP026hFWB6yOkENtVVgKgM7prFIZRrXjhvx7B5O1yVssQkp1_hkvIpFP3qw4uR_knECAify4z5XO9N41ImrwNYsqaBANYPIUbI9KahQ9OOByIL45jQJU9ve_4RYSTUwll/w640-h360/KDDI_Starlink_Japan.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>Back in December 2022, KDDI announced that the first mobile tower in Japan to use Starlink has started commercial operation in Hatsushima, a remote island in Sagami Bay. The <a href="https://news.kddi.com/kddi/corporate/english/newsrelease/2022/12/01/6415.html" target="_blank">press release</a> said:</p><p><span style="color: #073763;">Starting with this location, KDDI will expand its coverage to 1,200 remote towers in order to pursue its vision to bring an urban mobile experience to its rural customers.</span></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="ja">「この地球上から、つながらない場所をなくす。」<br /><br />日本には、山や離島など電波の届かない地域がまだまだあります。<br />KDDIはエリアを広げ、さらに宇宙ともつながっていくことで、<br />もっとすみずみまで電波を届けていきます📶<br /><br />~衛星ブロードバンド Starlink~ <a href="https://t.co/2epZYNnbEn">pic.twitter.com/2epZYNnbEn</a></p>— KDDI公式 (@official_kddi) <a href="https://twitter.com/official_kddi/status/1598170150976376832?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 1, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">Developed by SpaceX, Starlink provides high-speed, low-latency satellite broadband internet around the world. With satellites positioned in low-Earth orbit at an altitude of 550 km, over 65 times closer than conventional geostationary satellites, Starlink achieves significantly lower latency and higher transmission speeds for its end users. Using Starlink to backhaul service from these remote stations complements KDDI's urban towers that utilize fiber for backhaul.</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;"></span></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="ja"><span style="color: #073763;">【速報】<br />日本に数拠点ある<br />SpaceX社のStarlinkの地球局ゲートウェイアンテナを見てきた<br />思った以上にデカい<br />既に稼働してる模様で衛星へのアップリンク漏れ電波も観測できた <a href="https://t.co/mT2mWg8yNq">pic.twitter.com/mT2mWg8yNq</a></span></p><span style="color: #073763;">— 電波やくざ (@denpa893) <a href="https://twitter.com/denpa893/status/1594175451215572994?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 20, 2022</a></span></blockquote><span style="color: #073763;"> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script></span><p></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">KDDI has been conducting technical demonstrations of Starlink including for use in mobile backhaul since 2021. In order to ensure sufficient quality for cellular service with voice and data, Starlink has met the company's network technical guidelines in latency, jitters and uplink/downlink bandwidths. KDDI has completed its evaluation of Starlink and confirmed the conformance in customer experience that could be comparable to that of optical fiber.</span></p><p><span style="color: #073763;">KDDI will also offer Starlink Business to enterprise and civil government customers this year. With Japan having more than 16,000 mountains and 6,000 islands, with Starlink KDDI is now able to bring a new dimension of connectivity to Japanese society.</span></p><p>The video of the launch ceremony is embedded below:</p><p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YcMq1y4jqNU" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe></p><p>In addition to the image from KDDI press release, additional images from Twitter <a href="https://twitter.com/denpa893/status/1608691408420110337" target="_blank">here</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/denpa893/status/1594175451215572994" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2023/01/how-many-people-are-still-unconnected.html">How Many People are Still Unconnected in 2023 and Why?</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2021/03/why-starlink-is-already-gamechanger.html">Why Starlink is Already a Gamechanger</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2021/05/kddis-seven-b5g6g-technologies.html">KDDI's Seven B5G/6G Technologies Contributing to Society 5.0 Implementation</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2020/02/kddi-japan-iot-march-continues-with_8.html">KDDI Japan's IoT march continues with over 10 Million Connections</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/08/kddi-to-test-5g-with-base-stations.html">KDDI to test 5G with base stations built in Street Lights</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/06/drones-uavs-lte-5g.html">Drones, UAVs, LTE & 5G</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2022/02/laser-inter-satellite-links-lisls-in.html">Laser Inter-Satellite Links (LISLs) in a Starlink Constellation</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-6460883025430581252022-12-28T07:35:00.032+00:002023-12-28T10:13:18.977+00:00Top Blog Posts of 2022<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhff1_2RxsGyXJRTriXbmyHityrMrQsqDSaYYwvOfNGfxJ0I_CTPLg071X3tYjZdyv-zUyQEx2yhaZVOWjbTkKtO9t02KW1oNWwhuANER_76xgAmm8owNfRLcFofd0y1WCRS9rB86TVi781CVj8at4Vn1HOPejfFcsbTfEzry5pjOOuYRoTBGo7wg90/s1920/TelecomsInfrastructureTopBlogPosts2022.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhff1_2RxsGyXJRTriXbmyHityrMrQsqDSaYYwvOfNGfxJ0I_CTPLg071X3tYjZdyv-zUyQEx2yhaZVOWjbTkKtO9t02KW1oNWwhuANER_76xgAmm8owNfRLcFofd0y1WCRS9rB86TVi781CVj8at4Vn1HOPejfFcsbTfEzry5pjOOuYRoTBGo7wg90/w640-h360/TelecomsInfrastructureTopBlogPosts2022.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>With 2022 coming to an end, here are the top 10 most viewed posts from 2022. These posts were not necessarily posted this year, so I have added the month and year it was posted.</p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/05/passive-and-active-infrastructure.html">Passive and Active Infrastructure Sharing</a>, May 2020</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/02/open-ran-o-ran-rru-o-ru-and-du-o-du.html">Open RAN (O-RAN) RRU (O-RU) and DU (O-DU) Design</a>, Feb 2021</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/07/nokias-airscale-indoor-radio-asir-small.html">Nokia's AirScale indoor Radio (ASiR) Small Cells</a>, Jul 2020</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/05/vodafone-explains-mobile-phone-mast.html">Vodafone Explains Mobile Phone Mast</a>, May 2022</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/02/samsung-and-ericsson-talks-massive-mimo.html">Samsung and Ericsson Talks Massive MIMO</a>, Feb 2021</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/06/iown-innovative-optical-and-wireless.html">IOWN - Innovative Optical and Wireless Network</a>, Jun 2020</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2014/07/huawei-lampsite.html">Huawei's Lampsite</a>, Jul 2014</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/01/5g-for-defence-and-autonomous-military.html">5G for Defence and Autonomous Military Solutions</a>, Jan 2022</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/11/huawei-metaaau-promises-improvement-in.html">Huawei MetaAAU Promises Improvement in 5G Network Performance and Energy Efficiency</a>, Nov 2021</li><li><a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/09/ericsson-radio-dot-evolution-and.html">Ericsson Radio Dot: Evolution and Technical information</a>, Sep 2017</li></ol><div>If you are a regular reader of this blog, do let us know of your favourite posts.</div><p></p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2022/12/top-blog-posts-of-2022.html">Top Blog Posts of 2022</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2022/12/top-blog-posts-of-2022.html">Top Blog Posts of 2022</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2022/12/top-posts-of-2022.html">Top Posts of 2022</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2022/12/top-posts-of-2022.html">Top Posts of 2022</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/12/top-5-posts-for-2021.html">Top 5 Posts for 2021</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/12/top-5-posts-for-2020.html">Top 5 Posts for 2020</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2019/12/top-5-posts-for-2019.html">Top 5 posts for 2019</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/12/top-5-posts-for-2018.html">Top 5 posts for 2018</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2017/12/top-5-posts-for-2017.html">Top 5 posts for 2017</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-38129385921567095362022-12-21T07:35:00.003+00:002022-12-21T07:39:39.384+00:00Details on India's First Neutral Shared RAN Solution<p>Back in August, RailTel and CloudExtel partnered to launch India's first Shared RAN solution for congested locations with the objective to enhance the telecom user experience. A <a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/india-s-first-neutral-shared-ran-solution-makes-its-successful-debut-825139765.html" target="_blank">press release</a> said:</p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;">RailTel and CloudExtel carried out the successful pilot of this project in partnership with Bharti Airtel, Vodafone Idea, Nokia, and the Telecom Infra Project's NaaS Solutions Group, with vital support from the Railways, in one of the most network stressed locations, Mumbai Central railway station. The outcomes have been impressive with 5 times increase in average user speed (from 3Mbps to 15Mbps) for both Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea, while the data consumption jumped up by 20%.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguoVw9i38Lhe2d8N1iCzQ4KI8HBLc7SBXGU5sCYZWIr52NPCCNXOVYrdfZE5hk9-5W7H9pMmfo0vdZV5o7ExZfGEkxZbERhL1DER-abAu0x0qCH4vr4-M7o-hjaqe0fFW5dfsju7OS2b-lk0u6IK9i6aQG-WmjVO8TdjQ0zMdhtvCanFAFyk-h6ZWw/s1920/CloudExtel_SharedRANArchitecture.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguoVw9i38Lhe2d8N1iCzQ4KI8HBLc7SBXGU5sCYZWIr52NPCCNXOVYrdfZE5hk9-5W7H9pMmfo0vdZV5o7ExZfGEkxZbERhL1DER-abAu0x0qCH4vr4-M7o-hjaqe0fFW5dfsju7OS2b-lk0u6IK9i6aQG-WmjVO8TdjQ0zMdhtvCanFAFyk-h6ZWw/w640-h360/CloudExtel_SharedRANArchitecture.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>At Telecom Infra Project's Fyuz 2022 conference, Kunal Bajaj, CEO & Co-Founder, CloudExtel provided details on this in a breakout session dedicated to Neutral Host Network-as-a-service (NaaS) business model. His part of talk is embedded below and you can also check out his presentation from the main stage <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2022/12/shared-neutral-host-ran-solution-in.html" target="_blank">here</a>. </p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OC6PxT5sfsc?start=1200&end=2060" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p>In an <a href="https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/cloudextel-deploys-4000-small-cell-sites-for-telcos-kunal-bajaj/92327902" target="_blank">interview with Economic Times</a> earlier this year, Kunal pointed out:</p><p><b><span style="color: #990000;">How many small cell sites are there in the country at present?</span></b></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">Small cells are not just for 5G rollout. There is a substantial 4G component of it today. As per industry standards, there are over about 30,000 odd small cell sites that have already been rolled out. Of that, about one-third to one-half of those sites have been rolled out by Reliance Jio. The balance have been rolled out by Airtel and Vodafone, and of that we have the largest market share. We have done over 4,000 sites for these two telcos, and there are all primarily 4G sites.</span></p><p><b><span style="color: #990000;">What’s the demand like for 4G small cells?</span></b></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">Even in the 4G space, month on month, year on year, data consumption has continued to grow pretty substantially. We are at 19 gigs per user, per month today, and if I remember correctly, we were at 12 gigs just a year ago, and much lower than that before. And this is all coming from 4G. 5G is not there yet, and what that really demonstrates is the reliance that users have on wireless connectivity. We have don’t much fixed line infrastructure today in India to really speak of. 25 million fixed line broadband users is nothing compared to the over 500 million 4G subscriptions. This growth in 4G data densification, even with 5G auctions coming up, will continue for the next two years.</span></p><p><b><span style="color: #990000;">Going forward, will these 4G sites be converted to 5G, or that will be part of a separate infrastructure?</span></b></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">If you see what has happened historically, when we went from 2G to 3G, and more relevantly, when we went to 3G to 4G, the 4G sites came up wherever you have very high capacity usage on 3G. 3G was not taken away, but those sites were upgraded to dual technology, by upgrading the equipment and adding an additional 4G radio to bring up 4G traffic from those sites. And I think that’s exactly what we are going to see in the 5G environment. The good thing is a lot of telecom operators learned from the 3G to 4G transition, and started investing very early in hardware that would be upgradeable to 5G.</span></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">Obviously the radio band is different, and there’s nothing really you can do in software to make the same radio to radiate multiple bands. So there will be investment. That happens in radio ugprades, but the core base station technology, the back haul, switches and things like that, a lot of that is now software upgradeable, and therefore it is going to be hopefully a much easier transition from 4G to 5G.</span></p><p><b><span style="color: #990000;">So what’s your projection of the number of small cells that will come up with the 5G rollout from August?</span></b></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">Some of the industry projections that we see from a lot of analysts and consulting companies is that India needs somewhere around 2,50000 small cell sites in the next five years across all three of the major operators. What that basically means is over 5-6 lakh unique small cells to be deployed. So that’s a tremendous amount of growth that we are going to see. The first one or two years from now is primarily going to be 4G, but then after that, the huge acceleration, the hockey stick curve is going to come from 5G deployment.</span></p><p><b><span style="color: #990000;">What is the kind of investments you are looking at in the next five years to cater to this demand?</span></b></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">We are talking of hundred of crores, just for us. We are looking at our base growing from 4000 small cells to 40000 small cell sites in the next five years. That’s a conservative projection, obviously, we believe and hope that we can do a lot more than that, but that will require well over 400-500 crores for us to really pull that off, and that’s where the opportunity to scale and build a substantial network. Today, when you compare us to the mainline tower companies, we are still a startup and in the beginning of our first innings, so we have a long way to go.</span></p><div>There certainly is a bright future for Neutral Host Network-as-a-service (<a href="https://telecominfraproject.com/naas/" target="_blank">NaaS</a>), especially in country like India, with a large population of young people.</div><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2022/12/shared-neutral-host-ran-solution-in.html">Shared Neutral Host RAN Solution in India to Unlock 5x QoE Improvement</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2017/11/quick-tutorial-on-mobile-network.html">Quick tutorial on Mobile Network Sharing Options</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/05/passive-and-active-infrastructure.html">Passive and Active Infrastructure Sharing</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2020/01/how-mocn-ran-sharing-works.html">How MOCN RAN-Sharing Works</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2019/03/mobile-network-infrastructure-sharing.html">Mobile Network Infrastructure Sharing in Japan over Electric Power Infrastructure</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/08/rakuten-mobile-and-tepco-power-grid.html">Rakuten Mobile and TEPCO Power Grid establish 'Rakuten Mobile Infra Solution'</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/05/london-underground-mobile-network.html">London Underground Mobile Network Infrastructure</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/01/crown-castle-bringing-more-small-cells.html">Crown Castle bringing more Small Cells to the USA</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2020/05/the-journey-from-communications-service.html">The Journey from Communications Service Provider (CSP) to Digital Service Provider (DSP)</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-83697599644372120822022-11-28T07:35:00.069+00:002022-11-28T07:44:38.803+00:00NTT Docomo Expands Open vRAN Options in its 5G OREC<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOiTM8hLk-JCgmt8GEYqpnuZ49F2MGa0ED5hdLQHyK32-F3Xg9OG8aK0_hYc1n4L1LBeLV3RNChRfctWpxkLK1osr54uZrzAMMlD-hvt8_wfEZtl8AWyFc4Kyr8RCrr9YU9dM45XV4ExqJaGoWLMXlo3EOlqChlUWu5KCl6g-4s5hRcNxpViLVert1/s1920/Docomo_OREC_vRAN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOiTM8hLk-JCgmt8GEYqpnuZ49F2MGa0ED5hdLQHyK32-F3Xg9OG8aK0_hYc1n4L1LBeLV3RNChRfctWpxkLK1osr54uZrzAMMlD-hvt8_wfEZtl8AWyFc4Kyr8RCrr9YU9dM45XV4ExqJaGoWLMXlo3EOlqChlUWu5KCl6g-4s5hRcNxpViLVert1/w640-h360/Docomo_OREC_vRAN.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>We have done quite a few blog posts on NTT Docomo on our blogs (see related posts at the bottom) as they always share a lot of latest useful and relevant information. In a <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2021/12/ntt-docomo-is-open-and-virtualized.html" target="_blank">blog post</a> last year, we talked about their 5G Open RAN Ecosystem (OREC). </p><p>Back in September, NTT Docomo announced that it will be adding a fourth type of flexible and highly scalable virtualized base station (vRAN) to its verification environment for Open RAN that will allow equipment and components of various vendors to integrate via standardized specifications. The press release <a href="https://www.docomo.ne.jp/english/info/media_center/pr/2022/0928_00.html" target="_blank">said</a>:</p><p><span style="color: #990000;">The new virtualized base station will combine NEC Corporation's open virtualized RAN software, Red Hat Openshift, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.'s inline accelerator cards and Hewlett Packard Enterprise's servers. This will be DOCOMO's first time to use the Qualcomm® X100 5G RAN Accelerator Card and the HPE ProLiant DL110 Telco server, the latter optimized specifically for Open RAN workloads to improve system performance and power efficiency.</span></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">Since February, DOCOMO has been providing global carriers with access to its Shared Open Lab environment to allow them to mix and match the equipment and components of various vendors in order to verify performance with virtualized base stations. In addition to three types of virtualized base station equipment/system configurations that carriers have been accessing so far, the new configuration will become available for verification in the Shared Open Lab starting in 2023.</span></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">As the increasing global availability of 5G continues to raise interest in Open RAN, DOCOMO has been a leader in helping telecoms worldwide to prepare to introduce this highly versatile new technology. In February 2021, DOCOMO was joined by 12 global equipment vendors in establishing the 5G Open RAN Ecosystem (OREC) to promote Open RAN, which supported the development of the virtualized base station being announced today.</span></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">DOCOMO and its OREC partners plan to continue adding new equipment/system combinations before and after commercializing virtualized base stations, which is expected within the current fiscal year ending in March 2023.</span></p><p><span style="color: #990000;">Through the promotion of Open RAN, DOCOMO looks forward to continuing to enhance the efficiency and flexibility mobile communication networks around the world.</span></p><p>In fact their OREC page has this and a lot more details <a href="https://ssw.web.docomo.ne.jp/orec/5g_open_ran_ecosystem/en/" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p>At Telecom Infra Project's Fyuz 22 conference, NTT Docomo and other operators shared their vision, progress and approach to Open RAN. You can watch the panel discussion <a href="https://youtu.be/w5YnCAWOkkg?t=2655" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p><b>Related Posts</b>:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/01/ntt-docomos-5g-network-is-based-on-open.html">NTT Docomo's 5G Network is based on 'Open RAN' Principles</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/11/ntt-docomos-5g-ran-infrastructure.html">NTT Docomo's 5G RAN Infrastructure</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2021/06/open-ran-terminology-and-players.html">Open RAN Terminology and Players</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2020/10/ntt-docomo-outlines-their-5g-journey.html">NTT Docomo outlines their 5G Journey and 5G Network Deployment details</a></li><li>Operator Watch Blog: <a href="https://www.operatorwatch.com/2021/12/ntt-docomo-is-open-and-virtualized.html">NTT Docomo is Open and Virtualized Networks Leader</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/03/docomo-5g-open-innovation-cloud.html">Docomo 5G Open Innovation Cloud</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2021/11/ntt-docomo-and-airbus-demonstrate.html">NTT Docomo and Airbus Demonstrate Zephyr HAPS Wireless Broadband Connectivity</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2022/06/ntt-docomo-is-hoping-to-repeat-5g.html">NTT Docomo is Hoping to Repeat 5G Experimental Trials Success with 6G</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2021/10/special-articles-on-5g-evolution-6g-in.html">Special Articles on 5G Evolution & 6G in NTT Docomo Technical Journal</a></li><li>Free 6G Training: <a href="https://www.free6gtraining.com/2021/07/ntt-docomos-revised-5g-evolution-and-6g.html">NTT Docomo's revised '5G Evolution and 6G' White Paper</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-1036000287628551532022-10-22T11:35:00.001+00:002022-10-22T13:29:27.940+00:00The Role of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) in Making Sure Internet Works<p>Ever wondered how Internet works? Surely you did but did you actually figure out? Most often, people just understand it roughly how it works but sometimes details could be handy.</p><p>Plum consulting recently published a <a href="https://plumconsulting.co.uk/how-the-internet-works-and-is-paid-for/" target="_blank">detailed study</a> titled, "How the Internet works (and is paid for)". It is quite a detailed study and is divided into three parts:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The first part explores how data and content move around the Internet, and how it is coordinated and governed;</li><li>The second part focuses on the economics of the Internet and how the delivery of content is paid for;</li><li>The third part provides cases studies of the economics of the Internet in five APAC countries: South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Japan, and Singapore.</li></ul><p></p><p>There is also a concise summary if that helps. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGD3pou3O_To-zff3x-FbvOhAeThGPwaM6JE8icDLiA4SUxvVipNaZwhNTsSiD7eCx3n-BO5S3TLuBH1zi86cP0WlRR-epwgAu6NHEfQ4u8ucqnUQT-_SnzX4L2pYY_ddAp0jWZf-B4qe1dYV3P7xhifcWXUyVS6r7kSThMhim5GnvTPI1AOsPAnZr/s1920/HowTheInternetWorks.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGD3pou3O_To-zff3x-FbvOhAeThGPwaM6JE8icDLiA4SUxvVipNaZwhNTsSiD7eCx3n-BO5S3TLuBH1zi86cP0WlRR-epwgAu6NHEfQ4u8ucqnUQT-_SnzX4L2pYY_ddAp0jWZf-B4qe1dYV3P7xhifcWXUyVS6r7kSThMhim5GnvTPI1AOsPAnZr/w640-h360/HowTheInternetWorks.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>A recent <a href="https://www.ookla.com/articles/5-critical-internet-services-q2-2022" target="_blank">article</a> on Ookla titled "5 Critical Services that Keep the Internet Up and Running" described how the internet works and what causes an Outage. The article explains the role of Content delivery networks (CDNs), Domain Name System (DNS), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Services and their Application Programming Interfaces (API) and finally Downdetector.</p><p>BGP is an important service which has been in the news regularly after some major outage. Last year when Facebook disappeared from the Internet, BGP was responsible. Facebook (Meta) Engineering published a detailed post explaining it <a href="https://engineering.fb.com/2021/10/05/networking-traffic/outage-details/" target="_blank">here</a>. Cloudflare also looked at this Facebook BGP issue <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/october-2021-facebook-outage/" target="_blank">here </a>and have a <a href="https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/security/glossary/what-is-bgp/" target="_blank">simple explanation</a> about what BGP is:</p><p><span style="color: #b45f06;">Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the postal service of the Internet. When someone drops a letter into a mailbox, the Postal Service processes that piece of mail and chooses a fast, efficient route to deliver that letter to its recipient. Similarly, when someone submits data via the Internet, BGP is responsible for looking at all of the available paths that data could travel and picking the best route, which usually means hopping between autonomous systems.</span></p><p><span style="color: #b45f06;">BGP is the protocol that makes the Internet work by enabling data routing. When a user in Singapore loads a website with origin servers in Argentina, BGP is the protocol that enables that communication to happen quickly and efficiently.</span></p><p>This video below is also a good simple explanation</p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/A1KXPpqlNZ4" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p>BGP can be a serious issue when Internet is hijacked, hence even the regulators are looking at it to ensure there is no country wide Internet failure. An example from Swedish Post and Telecommunications Board (PTS) <a href="https://pts.se/sv/nyheter/internet/2022/brister-atgardade--okad-sakerhet-vid-externt-trafikutbyte-pa-internet/" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">The Swedish Post and Telecommunications Board (PTS) <a href="https://twitter.com/PTSse?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@PTSse</a> has reviewed how the five companies work to manage known vulnerabilities in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) function, which is necessary for external traffic exchange on the Internet. <a href="https://t.co/1vogdTChmC">https://t.co/1vogdTChmC</a></p>— Rudolf van der Berg (@internetthought) <a href="https://twitter.com/internetthought/status/1580493031480127488?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 13, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>Similarly, UK's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has <a href="https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/responsible-use-of-bgp-for-isp-interworking" target="_blank">published</a> a Technical report on "Responsible use of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) for ISP interworking", which explains best practices for the use of this fundamental data routing protocol.</p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">Telco sec is a huge space, so friends like Stuart Lyle are important. He pointed out that NCSC UK has published guidance on BGP and that it is referenced in the UK telco act:<a href="https://t.co/ysj7s88U4Z">https://t.co/ysj7s88U4Z</a> so that is for all of you, in case you also missed it</p>— Silke Holtmanns (@SHoltmanns) <a href="https://twitter.com/SHoltmanns/status/1509398881909579778?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 31, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p>With all these ongoing conflicts and politics in the play, it is important for the Service Providers and Mobile Operators to ensure there is no failure because of lack of understanding of the fundamentals.</p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">On the Large BGP Leak that hit European Mobile Carriers and rerouted data to China & Russia. We’ve seen this before says <a href="https://twitter.com/WIRED?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Wired</a> <a href="https://t.co/E0pO7F1XoD">https://t.co/E0pO7F1XoD</a> <a href="https://t.co/V39RciBGwV">https://t.co/V39RciBGwV</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/decipher?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#decipher</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/deciphersec?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#deciphersec</a> via <a href="https://twitter.com/DrPippaM?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@DrPippaM</a> <a href="https://t.co/bRnyroSI3W">pic.twitter.com/bRnyroSI3W</a></p>— Telecomunicaciones e innovación tecnológica (@lastelecos) <a href="https://twitter.com/lastelecos/status/1138837367631032322?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 12, 2019</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2020/04/different-types-of-service-providers.html">Different Types Of Service Providers</a></li><li>3G4G - <a href="https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/beginners0019.html">MNO, MVNO, MVNA, MVNE: Different types of mobile operators</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2020/05/the-journey-from-communications-service.html">The Journey from Communications Service Provider (CSP) to Digital Service Provider (DSP)</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-26551255840607014772022-10-04T11:35:00.001+00:002022-10-04T11:39:14.330+00:00Disaggregated Networking for 5G - What is Needed to Make it Work?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOOrZJYcDqlHd3JCdainR0LMp2HIKuyTGWdxt7kovYsMs85_Q7-8Tmw-YWxlLdFIoMx1SRzAuK79lohcnOyGr2AEE79DhkhXca3tbFY0xrsP29M7nRIJNbJQQ318Y_IQUhebQZEjt6SzaLlPW5enHBgcYqaW8rrgHUjcL3recWdWMu9d9S7oSWGfRC/s1920/ADVA_TIP_DisaggregatingRouters.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOOrZJYcDqlHd3JCdainR0LMp2HIKuyTGWdxt7kovYsMs85_Q7-8Tmw-YWxlLdFIoMx1SRzAuK79lohcnOyGr2AEE79DhkhXca3tbFY0xrsP29M7nRIJNbJQQ318Y_IQUhebQZEjt6SzaLlPW5enHBgcYqaW8rrgHUjcL3recWdWMu9d9S7oSWGfRC/w640-h360/ADVA_TIP_DisaggregatingRouters.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>The Open Optical & Packet Transport (<a href="https://telecominfraproject.com/oopt/" target="_blank">OOPT</a>) group is a project group within Telecom Infra Project (TIP) that works on the definition of open technologies, architectures and interfaces in Optical and IP Networking. We looked at a detailed webinar from OOPT <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/04/tip-webinar-on-open-optical-packet.html" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p>The Disaggregated Cell Site Gateways (DCSG) within OOPT works on the definition of open and disaggregated whitebox cell site gateway devices that operators can deploy in their current 2G/3G/4G cell sites, as well as in the upcoming 5G deployments. The team produces technical specifications that define software, hardware and API requirements that represent the needs of mobile network operators and also works with industry partners to develop devices that meet the specifications.</p><p>At TIP Summit Latam in 2021, Ulrich Kohn, Director, Solutions Marketing, ADVA presented a talk on Disaggregated Networking for 5G where he looked at disaggregating high-end routers, DCSG, strategies of making white boxes timing aware and finally, disaggregated synchronization solutions.</p><p>His talk is embedded below.</p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/y_ckymYa_tg" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p>You can check out ADVA's portfolio of TIP products <a href="https://www.adva.com/en/innovation/telecom-infra-project" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p><b>Related posts</b>:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/11/opensofthaul-disaggregated-white-box.html">OpenSoftHaul - Disaggregated White Box Solution from TIP</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/04/tip-webinar-on-open-optical-packet.html">TIP Webinar on Open Optical & Packet Transport (OOPT)</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2018/01/ultimate-guide-to-telecom-infra-project.html">Ultimate Guide to the Telecom Infra Project (TIP)</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2019/12/tip-has-launched-non-terrestrial.html">TIP has launched 'Non-Terrestrial Connectivity Solutions' Group</a></li><li>Connectivity Technology Blog: <a href="https://www.connectivity.technology/2020/11/smart-cities-playbook-from-telecom.html">Smart Cities Playbook from Telecom Infra Project (TIP)</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7068042310767317158.post-8827552178118042192022-09-12T06:35:00.005+00:002022-09-12T06:42:16.498+00:00Construction of a Self-Supporting Tower (SST) <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYGxe0dGUAiirjUVqDUNaysqR2861zv8uWZsqqyMvlGmFc5ml6ZpU_QBN2dWMm-JmhNrxh0SGhdUorbLeDqMu2f1PhbzXM4VE-6jH1myO0tgcLEIxA2Q_wR0PycH4zKV3wxrjFHtR3diMn_kVkMyvoDVBE7gFGTtVvvOykD0BkCtrvNGWWm5uFNKCJ/s1920/SST_Construction.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYGxe0dGUAiirjUVqDUNaysqR2861zv8uWZsqqyMvlGmFc5ml6ZpU_QBN2dWMm-JmhNrxh0SGhdUorbLeDqMu2f1PhbzXM4VE-6jH1myO0tgcLEIxA2Q_wR0PycH4zKV3wxrjFHtR3diMn_kVkMyvoDVBE7gFGTtVvvOykD0BkCtrvNGWWm5uFNKCJ/w640-h360/SST_Construction.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p>Inside Towers shared a video of SST (self-supporting tower) construction on YouTube. According to the article, invited to observe the installation of the last three preassembled sections of a very new, very big SST. Article <a href="https://insidetowers.com/tower-stacking/" target="_blank">here</a> and the video as follows:</p><p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ky7YSy2AoPA" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">Telecom <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Infrastructure?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Infrastructure</a>:<br />Ever wonder how one of the tallest self-supporting towers in the country gets built? Why with an experienced tower climbing crew and a helicopter, of course<br /> <a href="https://t.co/A42ltPruv9">https://t.co/A42ltPruv9</a> via <a href="https://twitter.com/YouTube?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@YouTube</a></p>— Michael Marcus (@MarcusSpecSoln) <a href="https://twitter.com/MarcusSpecSoln/status/1568235618613821440?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 9, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script><p></p><p><b>Related Posts</b>: </p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2019/07/what-is-meant-by-infrastructure-in.html">What is meant by Infrastructure in a Telecoms Network?</a></li><li>The 3G4G Blog: <a href="https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/2019/07/mobile-network-cell-tower-site.html">Mobile Network Cell Tower Site Construction</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/05/vodafone-explains-mobile-phone-mast.html">Vodafone Explains Mobile Phone Mast</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2022/06/omniflow-smart-street-lighting-for-5g.html">Omniflow Smart Street Lighting for 5G and IoT</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2021/06/cell-site-construction-and-evolution.html">Cell-Site Construction And Evolution Strategies</a></li><li>Telecoms Infrastructure Blog: <a href="https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/2020/05/passive-and-active-infrastructure.html">Passive and Active Infrastructure Sharing</a> </li></ul><p></p>Zahid Ghadialyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11618208626682295272noreply@blogger.com0